Relationship Between Macbeth And Lady Macbeth Philosophy Essay

Relationship Between Macbeth And Lady Macbeth Philosophy Essay Shakespeare, the Einstein of his time has changed the intrepid minds of many influential people in the Elizabethan era which includes King Edward I. In his greatest play, Macbeth, has showed us that foul is fair and foul is fair in the relationship between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth; revealing the dominant role of women over men. Lady Macbeth achieves great dominance over Macbeths will by shattering his manhood. She conveys that his doubts on the assassination signify his lack of ambition and valour of being a man. She mentions that a real man should not only have boldness to create a tight situation, but should also implement his honourable word. Lady Macbeth then strategically gives the most horrendous example about the smashing of the skull of the baby, which further criticises Macbeths scared attitude which contrast to the majority of women. This provokes Macbeth to act in accordance to his male honour. Shakespeare shows how Lady Macbeth shows her true self as she says in the play Had he not so closely resembled my father, I would have done it. This triple meaning is clearly shown. The first meaning if you look at it literally, it is trying to convey that he looked very similar to her dad which shows full commitment and trust to her parents. This showed how inside of her there is a lot of undivided love to her parents which has disable and caned her, much like any another child would do. However, it may be that because her parents gave birth to her, she is grateful for that and does not want to kill them As Macbeth has been called noble, he would surely give the same respect to Lady Macbeths parents as Macbeth would to his parents and would never think about scratching his parents, let alone kill them. This shows how Lady Macbeth has slowly and careful invaded into Macbeths mind and brainwashed him so much that he does not truly denied the thought of killing King Duncan. This also s hows that Macbeth has not given her anything and so ultimately the relationship is futile and her love is false. The second meaning would be the biblical imagery of God as Lady Macbeth said he which shows that Lady Macbeth thoughts are that the more powerful you are, the more godlike you are. She could not kill God as she did not have enough power. She wanted the lust for power and although she has committed sinful acts like killed a child, she is not in the level where God is and so could not kill him. As Macbeth has been given the title of Thane of Glamis and Thane of Cawdor, she believes that he has power. In spite of this, Lady Macbeth want more and more power and so forces Macbeth to kill King Duncan so that as his equal half in the relationship between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth, in the eyes of the pubic, would ultimately receive more power. This strongly shows how the relationship is not a relationship but is simply a ventriloquist and a puppet, where the ventriloquist is Lady Macbeth where she is manipulating the puppet which is Macbeth so that she can receive the laughter and money, which is very similar to power and greed. The third and most important, is the power of greed that she has truly desired. She single-handedly heavily persuaded Macbeth to kill King Duncan. The perception that Lady Macbeth put forward is very strong as she said I would have done it. This showed that she put it about as an excuse rather than to show a weakness; showing how she did not want to look weak in front of Macbeth which would convey to the audience that in the relationship she wants to be equal or even higher than Macbeth. This competition between each other shows how it is a mere game rather than a relationship made by God as Lady Macbeth is not being serious about it. Shakespeare shows how powerful reverse psychology may cause havoc in a relationship. When Lady Macbeth said When you durst do it, then you were a man she shows how cunningly and deceitfully she is trying to motivate him to do what he was previously going to do. When she says then you were a man, it shows before when he was going to kill King Duncan, he was a man, but now as he has refused he has become much less than a man, a lady who has no place in society. Macbeth who has reached the pinnacle of his courier after many countless, hardworking years and now has been called less than a man even though Kings Duncan addressed Macbeth as noble and also gave him the highest achievement that any man could have: Thane of Glamis and Thane of Cawdor. This shows how demandingly she says a lot of Cruel words which hurts Macbeth but also at the same time using reverse psychology to show to Lady Macbeth that Macbeth can do relentless acts and so is a man. This showed that the relationship is main ly one sided to Lady Macbeth and has used strategic planning to command Macbeth into killing King Duncan. This shows that she understands Macbeth as she knew that Macbeth would question the killing. This shows that in the relationship, Macbeth has true love for her as he had told her his most dire secrets. However, it shows that instead of helping Macbeth out of a dreadful situation, she is using it to her advantage which also explicitly shows than she in manipulating Macbeth. Shakespeare shows how the depiction of extreme acts shows a downfall of a relationship. Dashs the brains out, had I so sworn as you have done to this. This shows how as a woman who has small place in society would uphold her promise even when it is as tragic as killing a baby in a gruesome way, but a man who is respected thoroughly in society would go against his promise. It shows how Lady Macbeth has immense power to crack open the skill and dash the brain out. As child mortality was high, the baby would be considered to be a present of God. The word dash suggest how without a doubt she would do it quickly for her solemn oath and she does not care that she will have to face the wrath of God and also be massively looked down upon in society. This shows how loyal she is and will keep her promise unlike Macbeth. Lady Macbeth is seen as unusual as she admits the situations she had been. This unusual statement contracts the belief that a womens desire is to protect a child and this shows that she is different from the other woman who live their whole life to protect and care for their children. This shows how she has been hiding things from Macbeth and this shows how the relationship from the start of the play sets a countdown to get worse and even worse. The old saying which is behind every successful man stands a strong woman. Surprisingly, it is very true; in his quest for supreme power, he is thoroughly led by his wife. Lady Macbeth strengths his determination and motivate him to commit this sinful murder. This manipulation of Macbeth is clearly shown throughout the play and shows easily how Macbeth fell into the trap of Lady Macbeth of greed and power. Shakespeare is being portrayed as misogynistic to perhaps warn the world that this may happen in the future. This shows how the relationship between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth is like the inside of an onion. It is definitely seen that Macbeth is not hiding anything about himself and has also given his most vital secrets to Lady Macbeth. However, Lady Macbeth is hiding numerous amount of things; one being of dashing the brains out of a baby. Sadly, as you peel each layer, the audience weeps for Lady Macbeth for her greediness and devil like thoughts. With this analysis it is fully seen that Lady Macbeth is manipulating/controlling Macbeth as if he was a ragdoll puppet and also shows that the relationship relies heavily on her thoughts and Macbeth acts upon them mindlessly and cowardly.

Disadvantages of Using Social Networks

The use of social network sites has increased exponentially and is a global phenomenon. Online social network sites provide several benefits. For example, people can interact with others, as if they were close friends. In addition, social network sites help people connect with others who have the same interests; people can share news, photographs, and videos with other online members. According to a Nielsen Online report, by the end of 2008, 66. 8 percent of Internet users around the world had visited social network sites that year, whereas, only 65. 1 percent had gone online to access email. Gale) Social networks provide the opportunity for an advanced level of communication and functionality. However, social networks also have serious disadvantages, such as violation of confidentiality and privacy, unforeseen consequences, and potential threat to personal safety. Today, communication on the Internet has become increasingly popular. Millions of people around the world use websites, such as Myspace, Facebook, and LinkedIn. People now have benefits of these websites, including significantly advanced communication and functionality which have never been seen or imagined before.For instance, one advantage is that today’s doctors are communicating with their patients by using social media. Before social media became a vital form of communication, doctors and patients only could connect to each other by using telephone, otherwise, patients had to visit the doctor’s office which takes time and money as well. â€Å"About 20 percent of patients already use social media to glean healthcare information, according to an April survey by the National Research Corporation, a healthcare research firm based in Lincoln, Neb†. Haupt) However, there are also some weak points of communicating through using social media between patients and physicians. Sometimes, the information that gets passed along is not always accurate because anyone can post. Moreover, si nce some doctors answer medical questions through social media, privacy becomes a concern. If patients provide details about a diagnosis or treatment, the doctor might accidentally reveal patients’ identity. To maintain confidentiality, personal questions should still be handled through doctor's office visits or phone calls.Most people who use social media are not aware of the potential violation of their privacy and unforeseen consequences. Websites may give people a false impression of being anonymous. In fact, many people post embarrassing and unethical content in text, photos, and videos. Because the Internet is a text-centered telecommunication, people may lose their ethics and responsibility. In actuality, serious consequences have occurred to people whose online behavior has been made public. â€Å"Students have been expelled from high schools and colleges.Students have been denied acceptances to intern programs, admission to independent high schools, colleges, and jo bs. Students, and their parents, have been sued for insult and defamation of character†. (Fodeman, Monroe) These instances occurred all because of the content people have posted in their social network accounts. Furthermore, according to Dr. Nora Barnes, Director for the Center of Marketing Research at UMASS Darmouth, more than 20% of colleges and universities search social networks for their admission candidates. Fodeman, Monroe) Finally, people’s privacy may be violated by police, and other government agencies that have access to Facebook pages. In addition, Facebook itself sells their members’ information to third party marketers willing to pay the fees. As a result, people should seriously be conscious of their privacy concerns and perceive that other people are trolling their accounts. Finally, safety has also become an issue for social network members. Safety concerns include ads, fake websites, identity theft and stalkers. Online social networks generate r evenues through advertising.Companies collect information from online social network sites. Based on this data, companies advertise and create a profile page, inviting members to join or become fans. Companies may use these pages to promote events, such as concerts, free product giveaways, special sales, and other activities. In fact, there are frequent scams targeting people in their social networks, especially Facebook and My Space. Over the last few years, more than 14,000 users were damaged by fake MySpace pages into visiting music web sites to purchase music for $2-3 per album.Instead of getting music, the site charged $300-600 to their credit cards. (Fodeman, Monroe) Other major safety concerns include cybercriminals, and stalking. People can easily gain access to sensitive information from online social networks, making users in danger to identity theft and other crimes. â€Å"Computer security firm Sophos reported in February 2010 that there had been an â€Å"alarming† increase in spammers and hackers using online social network sites to find potential victims†. Gale) The amount of receiving spam and sending viruses, worms, or other malicious software is increasing. Besides, stalkers can use networks to keep track of their victims' activities. Therefore, online users should be cautious when they communicate with strangers online. In fact, it is very easy for people to pretend to be someone who they are not. It is not mandatory for people to reveal their true identity online. As a result, users must be careful about meeting new online friends in person and should never arrange a meeting unless it is in a public place and others know about it.In conclusion, social networks provide an advanced level of communication and functionality. On one hand, by communication online, doctors and patients may save time and money. On the other hand, there are serious disadvantages to using social networks. These disadvantages include a potential violation of privacy and confidentiality. There may be unforeseen consequences to posting text, photos and videos online. For example, students may be expelled from school. Companies collect data from social networks to advertise online.Individual users may not be able to distinguish fake websites. Also, the potential harm of identity theft is serious. Furthermore, stalkers and impostors find it easy to create false identities online. Therefore, personal safety is a major concern for online users. There are several other implications for harmful consequences of social networks. One such example that may be explored is global safety. For instance, Wikileaks posed a danger to political international relations.

Astonishing Details About University of California Essay Samples Uncovered

Astonishing Details About University of California Essay Samples Uncovered In case you have any questions, you can get in touch with our friendly support team night and day and get immediate assistance. Before you can create your community a better place, you've got to discover the things that may be ameliorated. It's possible for you to define community as you see fit, just make certain you speak about your function in that community. Take into consideration the stories your buddies and family like to share about you. Because this essay will necessarily have to devote some time on other folks, you should obtain a great proportion of them-time and me-time. It doesn't matter to us, whether you're too busy on the job concentrating on a passion undertaking, or simply tired of a seemingly infinite stream of assignments. Because personal statements are short, you just won't have enough time to spell out everything you've loved about a specific subject in enough detail to make it count. Your training program in film major is one of the most competitive in the business, thus, I need to have an advantage of this opportunity. Getting the Best University of California Essay Samples Ensure that your essay creates a positive impression. An essay outline will allow you to organize the total structure of your essay. It's simple to point out an essay which has been written solely for the interest of it. Really, the application essays are a lot closer to a brief story. The very first step to any essay writing is to choose a subject of interest. Knowing visual acuity is prompts since it helps diagnose vision issues. You don't need to possess the very best writing skills so as to be creative and compose an effective essay. It's helpful to keep in mind that you're not writing this for you. The second section should choose the remainder of the space. You're not being requested to write about both pieces of this question. Which questions you decide to answer is completely up to you. Before answering the question, think about the intention of the essay. The Appeal of University of California Essay Samples I think that the university has the ability to shape my career in film through offering the best courses, and an attractive atmosphere for studying. Along with just science, I'm drawn to State University for different factors. Thus, State University isn't only the ideal location for me, it is the sole location for me. The University of Clifornia system is still the premier public University System in the united states. You don't need to have thought of a possible cure for cancer to create this essay convincing if it is possible to link what you're saying to the University of California System in some manner. The faculty wishes to be sure you realize the concepts covered in the textbook. In addition to its growing cultural and ethnic diversity, State University is turning into a master at developing a niche for each student. For some students, this will be a really straightforward question. We'll manage them, and for an affordable price, as we understand that students generally don't have a great deal of money to spare. Use the essay to demonstrate how you differ from the rest of the capable applicants. Students lead busy lives and frequently forget about a coming deadline. Whenever you choose to ask us for expert aid, don't hesitate to speak to our support managers. Order top-notch essay at this time and certified specialists will do their very best to supply you with higher quality at affordable price. A seasoned professional will make an error-free assignment very quickly and can help you boost your grades. Life, Death and University of California Essay Samples Repeat this process till you are faced with just four questions. Even in the event the deadline is very tight, feel free to get hold of our managers. The Written Assignments Completion of the Written Assignment enables you a chance to demonstrate a thorough and thorough comprehension of the subject issue.

Illegal Immigrants, Health Care, And Social Responsibility

Marsida Barjamaj Prof: L, Niizawa PHL 209 Illegal Immigrants, Health Care, and Social Responsibility Immigration has been and is one big problem that is widespread these days. Immigration means to move from one country to another for the purpose of one better life, better job, better health etc. The other problem that comes with immigration is the illegal immigration that in these days is growing up so fast. Illegal immigration is a problem that affects all the developed countries like America. An illegal immigrant is defined as a person who migrates to another country without the permanent residence, or any documents that allowed him to stay in this country. This case brings many problems including over population, rising crime rates and unemployment. Above all, we are human beings and as human beings we have rights, regardless of our origin, social position, gender, or believes. Illegal immigration is mostly observed between the people of a poor country. The outcome of illegal immigration is jail, deportation and even fine. In this paper I aim to discuss the paper of the James Dwyer â€Å"Illegal Immigrants, Health Care, and Social Responsibility† and the main points of this paper. James Dwyer is a professor of Bioethics and Humanities at the Upstate Medical University. His essay argues that the issue of health care for undocumented immigrants is inappropriately conceptualized in the public and scholarly debates. Nationalists argue that illegal immigrants have noShow MoreRelatedThe Economic Impact Of Illegal Immigration902 Words   |  4 PagesThe economic impact of illegal immigrants in Texas has brought concerns for the state s economy. Such as opportunities, health care, and education. Illegal immigrants contribute both positively and negatively to the Texas economy. They contribute positively by paying for taxes such as sales taxes, health taxes and taxes imposed on items. 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During the 1870s and 1880s, the vast majority of these people were from Germany, Ireland, and England--the principal sources of immigration before the Civil War.There are always very strict immigrant policies to which individuals should adhere, but these policies are often bent every now and then to suit the interestsRead MoreIllegal Immigrants Help Out?1442 Words   |  6 PagesIllegal Immigrants help out â€Å"The United States has been built primarily by immigrants, most seeking a better life for themselves and their families though some type of industrious behavior† (Sanders 58). When many people think of illegal immigrants, they think of those people that are only here to steal Americans’ jobs. They do not think about the struggle that illegal immigrants go through to get to this country and stay in the country as well. Being illegal in this country closes many doors, butRead MoreHealthcare Of Current Undocumented Refugees And Immigrants Of The Early Twentieth Century1410 Words   |  6 PagesUndocumented Refugees and Immigrants of the Early Twentieth Century Immigration has remained a long-standing, controversial topic in this country with strong public opinions as well as many political disputes over this issue. Laws have been created over time, which support immigration and refugee resettlement, however, these laws have been met with much resistance throughout history. According to the Department of Homeland Security (2012), the number of illegal immigrants and undocumented refugeesRead MoreSocial Determinants Of Health Disparities1354 Words   |  6 PagesSocial determinants of health inequity reflect deeper social divisions, which generate multiple risks that are reproduced over time. Hierarchies of power must be critiqued through the lenses of class and race to make tangible the seemingly abstract connections between social and economic determinants and distribution of health inequity. Racism finds refuge in various forms of material exploitation; narrow interventions that fail to address the root causes that undermine the health a nd well-beingRead MoreIllegal Immigrants and Health Care1936 Words   |  8 PagesDanson Ndungu Illegal Immigration and Health Care Phil 165 December 7th 2010 Christopher Columbus landed on the shores of America back 500 years ago in the year 1492. Were he and his crew the first illegal immigrants in America? The land was occupied by another group of people that didn’t grant these explorers the right to have whatever they please without acquiring some kind of legal status. The topic of legal status might have been irrelevant back in those days but it surely is an issue that is

Martin Textile - 6254 Words

closing Case Martins Textiles August 12, 1992, was a really bad day for John Martin. That was the day Canada, Mexico, and the United States announced an agreement in principle to form the North American Free Trade Agreement. Under the plan, all tariffs between the three countries would be eliminated within the next 10 to 15 years, with most being cut in 5 years. What disturbed John most was the plans provision that all tariffs on trade of textiles among the three countries were to be removed within 10 years. Under the proposed agreement, Mexico and Canada would also be allowed to ship a specific amount of clothing and textiles made from foreign materials to the United States each year, and this quota would rise slightly over the first†¦show more content†¦A political union is the logical culmination of attempts to achieve ever-closer economic integration. 3. Regional economic integration is an attempt to achieve economic gains from the free flow of trade and investment between neighboring countries. 4. Integration is not easily achieved or sustained. Although integration brings benefits to the majority, it is never without costs for the minority. Furthermore, concerns over national sovereignty often slow or stop integration attempts. 5. Regional integration will not increase economic welfare if the trade creation effects in the free trade area are outweighed by the trade diversion effects. 6. The Single European Act sought to create a true single market by abolishing administrative barriers to the free flow of trade and investment between EU countries. 7. The Maastricht Treaty aims to take the EU even further along the road to economic union by establishing a common currency. The economic gains from a common currency come from reduced exchange costs, reduced risk associated with currency fluctuations, and increased price competition within the EU. 8. Although no other attempt at regional economic integration comes close to the EU in terms of potential economic and political significance, various other attempts are being made in the world. The most notable include NAFTA in North America, the Andean Pact and MERCOSUR in Latin America, ASEAN inShow MoreRelatedMartin Textile6243 Words   |  25 Pagesclosing Case Martins Textiles August 12, 1992, was a really bad day for John Martin. That was the day Canada, Mexico, and the United States announced an agreement in principle to form the North American Free Trade Agreement. Under the plan, all tariffs between the three countries would be eliminated within the next 10 to 15 years, with most being cut in 5 years. 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The Importance of Psychology Today Free Essays

The study of mental functions and human behavior in which scientists develop hypotheses and test these theories are referred to today as psychology. In effort to explain the human behaviors, psychologist research and use the studies of other psychologist in effort to find the answers to question like why a person acts or behaves the way they do? The most common approaches in psychology are behavioral, psychoanalytic, cognitive, social/cultural, and physiological. The complexity of humans has fascinated scientist for years. We will write a custom essay sample on The Importance of Psychology Today or any similar topic only for you Order Now Psychologists have been investigating human’s cognitive, humanistic, social/cultural and behavioral responses since the beginning of this century. It has been only recently that the physiological approach has begun to understand how the brain affects behavior and how behavior affects the brain. In the 1800’s psychology used two major approaches known as structuralism and functionalism. Structuralism approach analyses the basic elements of experiences in which people acknowledged. In effort to research mental awareness of people, psychologies recorded the verbal explanations of their experiences. Functionalism focused on how the brain processes information when people are being observed in the ideal learning conditions. Frances Galton believed that intellectual abilities were inherited and fixed at birth because when he observed that people in the same family often were similar in terms of intelligence. By the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, a psychologist named Stanley Hall was the first president of the American Psychological Association and the founder of the first scientific psychological journal. The American Psychological Association provided a way from many psychologists to share their researches. Hall was one of the first psychologists to explain the biological view of human behavior with an emphasis on stages of development unfolding in a predetermined way. Hall observed children and described the ages that certain behaviors could be expected. He believed that children had an inner timetable to display behaviors like crawling, waking, and talking which occurred at similar ages regardless of the learning or experience of the children (Schickedanz Forsyth). In addition, several child psychologists gathered dada to establish age-related standards or patterns of behavior that applied to large groups of children. This was considered the norms for child behavior and became known as the developmental theory that is still in use today. The psychoanalytic theory originated with Sigmund Freud. While the earlier part of the twentieth century documented intellectual and physical development, Freud studied personality and emotional development. He recognized the importance of biology but also stressed the interaction of biology with the environment. Freud was interested in neurology and the psychological causes of the subject’s behavior responses. This component of personality, Freud labeled instinct and referred to the mental representation of the body’s needs and functions. Today, psychologists still use Freud’s theory and parts of the personality of people in their studies of human behavior. Some Psychologist use Freud’s theory of the id, ego, and superego. The id is the unconscious source of instinct and operated according to the pleasure principle and gratification. The ego tries to direct the id but is the reality-oriented part of the personality. The ego tries to deter the id so that there is not a negative consequence to the instinctive action. Next, there is the superego in which is part of the moral component of the personality. According to Freud, the superego is responsible for guilt and anxiety and understand the significant of punishment when display inappropriate behavior. Finally, there is the ego defense mechanism in which guards the ego against overwhelming negative consequences form others. Later, Erik Erikson developed another theory because he did not agree with Freud’s theory of the id, ego, and superego. Erikson focused more on how society affects the ego. He believed that healthy adaptation to reality differs greatly from one society to another. He saw that society’s demands on a person would change the person as he or she grows. Therefore, an individual is influence by his or her environment. These external environmental changes were also responsible for shaping behavior so that the behavior reflected the views of society. Another well known psychologist was B. F. Skinner and he was a behaviorist. His behaviorism theory was often referred to as radical behaviorism. He showed that reinforcing the desired behaviors produces the desire response. He proved this theory when he demonstrated how a pigeon would peck a red dot when it knew it opened a door to reveal bird food ( Branches of Psychology). Today, positive reinforcement is frequently used to change the undesirable behaviors of children. As a result, children produce the desired behavior society expects at home, in school, and in any other environment (Dong Juhu) The social/cultural approach covers the behavioral patterns of society as a whole. These behavioral patterns cover lifestyles, habits, arts, rituals, beliefs, activities, and ethics. It is common belief by Carl Gustav Jung that humans share common emotions and awareness regardless of the identified culture. Humans are social creatures and the cultural customs shape people’s behavior from childhood. Today, in United States there are many cultures, a variety of religious beliefs, social gathering, political beliefs, and economic influences that structure society (Overskeid). Today, the shift in roles in which people play like stay home dads, male nurses, and female police officers are becoming the norms in certain areas of society. The biological approach of psychology is the study of the brain and the nervous system. The nervous system is the central system within the body that carries messages to the brain. The crucial section is the neurons which are the structures of the nerve cell and it is responsible for transmissions that occur between the nerve cells and the brain. There are many other parts of the nervous system but the brain is the most important. There are three anatomy of the brain but the cerebral cortex section of the brain is responsible for the basic behavior functions. The biological psychology studies all of the parts of the body and how each of these parts affects human behaviors. Biological psychology takes into account genetics and the large roll it plays in human behavior. Genetics does not just refer to inherited traits but also to what is inside the body, such as glandular and hormone functions. Biology plays and important part of psychology because it allows scientist to learn about the brain functions and how to help people who suffer from head traumas. It also allows scientist a way to understand how brain traumas correlates between physical responses, as well as their emotional responses to situations when a person could not recall actual memories that delivered such responses. In conclusion, the more common approaches in psychology today are behavioral, psychoanalytic, cognitive, and social/cultural. The behavioral approach emphasizes that behavior is shaped by the environment while psychoanalytic approach is the study of how the brain affects behavior and how behavior affects the brain. The cognitive pproach is the research of how awareness, thoughts, and strategies to problem solve affect individual’s lives. The cognitive approach studies whether or not a person’s behavior is a result of consciousness guiding a person’s personal feelings. Social/cultural approach relates to a situation that influences actions that are considered to be the norms of society and which roles people play. The biological approach is important because it provides a way for psychologist to understand a person who suffers from a head trauma emotional and physically. How to cite The Importance of Psychology Today, Papers

Abstinence and Non-Abstinence Treatment- Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the debatable topic on Abstinence and Non-Abstinence treatment while helping to recover from alcohol addictions. Answer: Introduction In this report, the researcher tries to highlight the effects that can be caused due to excess consumption of alcohol and drugs. Drugs and alcohol consumption can lead to many diseases in a human being. These cause addiction that can become fatal for the people. Hence, in order to relieve people from such addictions, the rehabilitation centres provide certain treatments to the people. These treatments help a person to be cured of the ill habit that may poison their lives. The report focuses on two types of treatments that are provided to the people suffering from excessive consumption of these fluids; the abstinence focussed treatment and the non-abstinence focused treatment. These two types of treatments are compared and contrasted depending upon the effect it causes when applied to a person. The report also provides the ways by which these treatments can help a person from attaining a healthy life by leaving the past life behind. Ill effects of alcohol and drugs White and Hingson, (2014) stated that consumption of alcohol by a limited proportion could be acceptable to many people. However, excess consumption of alcohol can lead to many life-threatening diseases. This may have short-term as well as long-term effects on the lives of the people. Similarly, the use of drugs is permissible by a limited dose of medicines. The excess use and addiction of drugs also have certain effects that may lead to the loss of life of an individual. However, Notley et al., (2015) countered it by stating that most of the short-term effects of alcohol could be attributed to the consumption of various mind-altering substances. The reactions that are caused due to the mixture of these substances lead to drowsiness, slurring of speech, disruption of sleep. These, in turn, lead to temporary loss of consciousness, irritable bowels frequent blackouts and coma. This may lead to the death of the person. Apart from this, overweight and increase of blood pressure can also arise due to the consumption of alcohol. The long-term disorders that can be caused due to the effects of alcohol can also be catastrophic. It can lead to permanent damage of brain cells thereby stopping the brain cells to work. Liver damage is also another disease that can be caused due to excessive drinking. Excessive drinking can also lead a person to lose the level of tolerance. This increases the addiction level of alcohol consumption in an individual. The high intake of drugs can also cause failure of the nerves. This can lead to loss of sense, brain and kidney damage that may affect the life of the people. Such intake of alcohol and drugs are common among younger people. Thereby, Maisel et al., (2013) stated that the need for a cure of these people is more important. Proper awareness about the ill effects of intake of drugs and alcohol need to be promoted in order to save the younger generation from falling victim to it. Thus, it can be said that an abstinence treatment can be undertaken in order to cure the patients suffering from such addictions. The effectiveness of it is discussed to understand its contribution. Concept of abstinence focussed treatment According to Stapinski et al., (2015), abstinence focussed treatment treats the level of addiction among an individual as the disease itself. Physicians practising this type of treatment do not wait for an individual to suffer from any disease. Rather than that, the addiction itself is considered as a fatal disease. However, the model of treatment cannot provide a specific cure for the individuals. Hence, support is provided to the individuals by counselling. Proper counselling can help an individual to recover from any level of alcoholism provided he takes proper care of action and keeps himself away from alcohols and drugs. This approach helps an individual to give up the intake of alcohol completely. Witkiewitz et al., (2016) stated that abstinence treatment is the only way a person can get back the life that was lost due to alcohol and drugs. The primary principle of addiction is the fact that people becoming mentally involved with the use of alcohol and drugs. Hence, due to lack of proper medical techniques to provide a cure, physicians depend upon psychological treatments of the patients. The recovery of the patients is done by taking responsibility for the cause of the disease. The cognitive behaviour of the individuals is required to be assessed. This can be done by individual or group therapy sessions known as the AA sessions. According to Cunningham et al., (2017), diagnosis for this type of disease requires the analysis of the level of addiction. Various types of treatment exist that include control-craving drugs, behavioural, group therapy, and prevention therapy. This systematic approach needs to be conducted keeping in mind the addiction level of the patients. This type of system is adopted in order to provide a long-term residential treatment for the patients. An aftercare programme is also provided in order to maintain the progress level of the patients who have completed the treatment. A 12-step meeting is conducted that the reinforcement benefits can be obtained from core principles. Hence, the effectiveness of this treatment can be based on the success it gets from helping the patients (Bergman et al., 2015). Necessary tools are provided to patients so that they can maintain the control over drugs and alcohol. Effectiveness of abstinence focussed treatment According to Wilder et al., (2014), abstinence is considered to be an essential part of rehabilitation. In most cases, it is seen that abstinence needs to be considered as an essential goal for the rehab of an alcoholic or drug-addicted patient. This is because the manner in which a patient is approached by the rehab centres helps them to recover quickly. The 12-step programme has played a vital role in bringing happiness into the lives of the people. It has been seen that years of alcohol and drug use can lead to failure of liver and cause brain and nerve damage. However, a proper psychological approach can lead to the person recovering from this trauma. Hence, the effectiveness of this treatment can be justified clearly. It has been proven that 695 people of Scotland had been recovered in 33 months by following a regular treatment in 2006. The success rate indicates the high efficacy it has on the treatment of the addiction. It has also been seen that the less care taken by the pat ients increases more chances of relapse to occur (Holmes et al., 2014). However, there has been a criticism of this theory. The main reason for the criticism is the fact that the individuals suffer from relapses. However, relapses have been accepted as part of the disease. This is mainly due to the discontinuation of the people seeking rehab. They fail the treatment may be due to lack of guidance or due to the fact that certain cases required extensive medical care rather than just moral support. The other reason for the criticism is the fact that abstinence treatment is an only one-sided treatment (Julien, 2013). Once this treatment starts to be effective in the individual then no other forms of treatment can be carried on. This model is based on the harm reduction model. This is because the harm reduction model does not seek opinions of specialised therapists in order to cure the patients. Hence, despite its huge success rate, the abstinence theory also draws in many criticisms that divert the opinion of the people. In this regard, most people prefer the adoption of non-abstinence focused treatment. Concept of non-abstinence focussed treatment The non-abstinence focused treatment is termed as a self-development approach to quit alcohol or drugs (Hartzler Garrett, 2016). Unlike the abstinence treatment, this treatment focuses on the conscience of the individuals in taking decisions based on the level of addiction. No proper treatment is provided to an individual in order to deal with the consequences that may be faced due to a certain level of consumption of alcohol. This can be considered as a notification to set up programmes for moderation that consider alcoholics to be a part of the programming campaign. Most people because of the lack of use of medications consider this treatment. However, Stea, Hodgins Fung, (2015) stated that non-abstinence treatment is not as effective as the abstinence treatment. This is mainly because of the fact that the people are not aware of the level of addiction. Self-realisation in terms of consumption of drinks and alcohol are needed in order to lead a healthy life. In this regard, it ca n be said that self-realisation can be more effective than getting into a rehab centre. This is because the conscience of the people let them perform staffs that can help or break their life. It has been seen that most people refuse to undertake AA treatment. This is because they feel that the people engaged in the centres will control their lives. This can be a setback for the people, as they need to be convinced about the ill effects of consumption of alcohols and drugs. With the self-realisation technique, people can understand the control and ensure that the consumption of these harmful substances is reduced. This is evidenced by the fact that only 10% of the people suffering from excess alcohol and drugs enter a rehab facility to remain in good health (Carr, 2014). Hence, it can be said that the effectiveness of this treatment facility can be attributed to the fact that people prefer this treatment to the abstinence treatment. Most people need to feel invested personally rather than being asked by a therapist in order to control the addiction. The effectiveness is described in detail. Effectiveness of non-abstinence focussed treatment According to Snipes and Benotsch, (2013), the non-abstinence focused treatment allows people to continue drinking despite the ill effects of alcohol. The level of addiction needs to be determined by the people itself. Such an action has led to considerable success in the lives of many people. The people itself understand the choice of treatment and the ways by which life can be lead. This provides for an independent meaning of life. Hence, it has been seen that most people suffering from such addictions prefer to use this type of treatment. The effectiveness of this is that the people can be treated at home without relocating to a rehab centre. This is important as people can take their time in recovering and can be supported by their family members. Like abstinence treatment, this can also be considered as a type of providing cognitive support to the people. The difference, however, lays in the fact that personal information does not need to be shared with any stranger. Instead, the family members can provide the necessary support to the people (Schulte et al., 2014). However, this treatment has also received criticism. One of the major criticisms of this approach is the fact that most people do not possess the power of self-control. The level of addiction of these people cannot be determined, as they prefer to continue drinking and have no guide to help them. Proper medication can also not be provided to them since these people try to cure themselves. Thus, it can be said that not every people can use the non-abstinence approach. Apart from this in a case of emergency, the non-abstinence approach can also not function properly. The absence of a proper medical representative can cause the failure to detect seriousness of any issue. Bergman et al., (2014) observed that the non-abstinence treatment could not guarantee any success regarding the non-consumption of alcohol. This is because the resolution taken by the people can break owing to certain factors. These factors need to be dealt with in order to remain free from alcohol and drug consumption. This cannot be done on a regular basis to maintain a clean life. Comparison between the treatments Mithoefer et al., (2013) observed that the abstinence treatment is more for people that consume alcohol at a higher level. These people are considered as true drinkers as they consume alcohol at a higher rate than other people do. Hence, the chances of suffering are more for these people. The abstinence treatment helps in proper identification of the disease and suggests an accurate cure for it. The use of the cognitive method of approach to cure patients helps to understand the mind of the people. Another important aspect that is considered similar to the abstinence treatment is the fact that it conducts a 12-step programme after the patient has been discharged. This helps to understand the level of control sustained by an individual (Volkow et al., 2014). The meeting between various people of similar problems can lead to the realisation about the ill effects of alcohol and drugs consumption. This is similar to the treatment offered in the non-abstinence programme. The self-control of the people is focused more than the medication of the people. The non-abstinence treatment focuses more on the moderation of the people. These people are termed as problem drinkers as the consumption level of alcohol is not in excess amount. However, these people tend to consume alcohol and intake drugs at a rate that may also be fatal for them. Wise and Koob, (2014) observed that in order to receive non-abstinence treatment one needs to be mentally strong as the convincing needs to be done on oneself. This is a huge difference when compared with abstinence programme. This is because in the case of abstinence treatment the people are convinced by providing examples about the lives of others. Hence, people can control the urge to consume the poisonous substances. The lack of a medical representative also causes the misunderstanding of the problems. However, an advantage that the treatment provides is the home based care. People can remain at home and take care of themselves. Thus, it can be said that both the forms of treatments have positive an d negative aspect and different characteristics. The varied forms of treatment provide a comprehensive choice for people depending upon the level of consumption of alcohol and drugs (Kaltenbach Jones, 2016). Conclusion Thus, it can be concluded that abstinence focused treatment, as well as non-abstinence, focused treatment, are effective in solving any addiction level in a person. The approaches differ in terms of encouraging and motivating a person from ignoring these habits. The abstinence approach develops a cognitive theory that helps in maintaining the level of addiction. A 12-step programme helps the people to recover from any addiction completely and lead a normal life. The side effects of these addictions can be fatal and as a result, it is important for the people to follow the steps in order to reduce health scares. The non-abstinence programme also develops self-conscience in the mind of the people. 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