Martin Textile - 6254 Words

closing Case Martins Textiles August 12, 1992, was a really bad day for John Martin. That was the day Canada, Mexico, and the United States announced an agreement in principle to form the North American Free Trade Agreement. Under the plan, all tariffs between the three countries would be eliminated within the next 10 to 15 years, with most being cut in 5 years. What disturbed John most was the plans provision that all tariffs on trade of textiles among the three countries were to be removed within 10 years. Under the proposed agreement, Mexico and Canada would also be allowed to ship a specific amount of clothing and textiles made from foreign materials to the United States each year, and this quota would rise slightly over the first†¦show more content†¦A political union is the logical culmination of attempts to achieve ever-closer economic integration. 3. Regional economic integration is an attempt to achieve economic gains from the free flow of trade and investment between neighboring countries. 4. Integration is not easily achieved or sustained. Although integration brings benefits to the majority, it is never without costs for the minority. Furthermore, concerns over national sovereignty often slow or stop integration attempts. 5. Regional integration will not increase economic welfare if the trade creation effects in the free trade area are outweighed by the trade diversion effects. 6. The Single European Act sought to create a true single market by abolishing administrative barriers to the free flow of trade and investment between EU countries. 7. The Maastricht Treaty aims to take the EU even further along the road to economic union by establishing a common currency. The economic gains from a common currency come from reduced exchange costs, reduced risk associated with currency fluctuations, and increased price competition within the EU. 8. Although no other attempt at regional economic integration comes close to the EU in terms of potential economic and political significance, various other attempts are being made in the world. The most notable include NAFTA in North America, the Andean Pact and MERCOSUR in Latin America, ASEAN inShow MoreRelatedMartin Textile6243 Words   |  25 Pagesclosing Case Martins Textiles August 12, 1992, was a really bad day for John Martin. That was the day Canada, Mexico, and the United States announced an agreement in principle to form the North American Free Trade Agreement. Under the plan, all tariffs between the three countries would be eliminated within the next 10 to 15 years, with most being cut in 5 years. What disturbed John most was the plans provision that all tariffs on trade of textiles among the three countries were to be removedRead MoreCase Study Martin Textile Starbuck1000 Words   |  4 Pagesshould corporations have toward the country in which they operate? To their country of origin? CASE STUDY 1 MARTIN TEXTILES Question 1 Economic cost The production cost that is labour cost if Martin Textile shift its production to Mexico will be reduced to less than USD2 per hour as compared to wage rate paid to its unionised New York plant(USD12.50 per hour) and non unionised textile plant in southeastern US(USD8 to USD10 per hour). The production too will be able to avoid cost disadvantageRead MoreThe Importance Of Gadils1181 Words   |  5 Pagessodium calcium alginate gel (Horrocks Anand). The gel is hydrophilic in nature, permeable to oxygen, and impermeable to bacteria, and make a contribution to the creation of new tissue (Horrocks Anand). Gauze, lint, and wadding the other textile materials used for wound-dressing applications (Rajendran Anand, 2002). Gauze is an open-weave, absorbent fabric coated with paraffin wax and mainly used for the treatments of burns and scalds. In surgical application, gauze mainly serves as anRead MoreEnvironmental Issues In The Fashion Industry Essay1903 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction This paper explores the use of colour changing textiles and how the fashion industry could benefit from it. It explains why they are perfect solutions for the environmental issues. Fashion industry is one of the most wasteful and environmentally impactful industries in the world. There is a lot of pressure to find less wasteful ways of producing clothing and to make fashion more sustainable. One of those ways is the invention of colour changing fabrics (Rachel Skudlarek, 2017). ChapterRead MoreThe Black Death And Its Effects On Western Europe Essay1391 Words   |  6 Pageslonger perceived as The Lord of creation but rather the ruler of nature. This new perspective on life came from awareness of self. Humanism helped create the Protestant Reformation. Martin Luther also had a major part in creating this movement. Martin Luther was born November 10,1483 in Eisleben, Germany. As Martin got more recognition his family became more respected. He was a man who dedicated himself to studying the bible. By doing so he discovered God’s truth, people were saved by faith andRead MoreThe Aztec Capital2084 Words   |  9 PagesTerms To Know: 1. Tribute: Tributes were used in the Aztec capital, Tenochtitlan. The subject peoples brought gold, textiles, turquoise, obsidian, tropical bird feathers, and cacao to the capital as tribute. Tributes are goods given to rulers as an act of submission or in order to receive protection. 2. Matriarchal: A matriarchal society is a society governed by women. The Iroquios, five different native american nations banded together by a man named Hiawatha, ruled through a matriarchal systemRead MoreAfrican Women s Struggle For Civil Rights1104 Words   |  5 Pagesstrengthened the concept of the superior/inferior relationship by making the slave more dependent on his master. (pg.436) Slavery grew rapidly because of the cross-Atlantic slave trading industry. Owning a slave was economically attractive to the North s textile industries and South s agricultural interests. Many farmers and plantation owners morally opposed slavery, however, economic reality prevented the abolition of the system, opting instead to ban the exportation of new slaves into the country by 1808Read MoreThe Presidential Election Of 18281787 Words   |  8 Pagespresidential candidates. This election was heavily fueled by slogans due to the fact that textile manufacturing became the country’s top production during this period. This election however, had some changes from previous elections such as the national political climate changes. These changes were directly linked to the national economic changes. This time around, the Democratic Party re-nominated President Martin Van Buren as their candidate and the Whig party nominated William Henry Harrison to representRead MoreA.P U.S History Chapter 11 Study Guide1154 Words   |  5 Pages1. Albany Regency-created by Martin Van Buren from NY. â€Å"Tightly disciplined state political machine in NY†. Not born into the elites. Van Buren had faith in the commoners. Allowed democracy to flourish, helped suffrage. 2. As a Bucktail, Van Buren’s goal was democracy and less power to elites. He helped create National Political parties, and went up against elite DeWitt. 3. 1840, changing voting qualifications changed and 90% of adult males over 21 could vote. 4. Universal manhoodRead More Passive Resistance as a Powerful Tool for Social and Political Change1503 Words   |  7 Pagesviolence. As Martin Luther King Jr. and Gandhi, have argued, passive resistance is a noble means to a peaceful end, in which only the followers of a movement risk themselves and bring no harm to those whom they oppose. â€Å"Passive resistance,† according to Mahatma Gandhi, â€Å"is an all sided sword; it can be used anyhow; it blesses him who uses it and him against whom it is used. Without drawing a drop of blood it produces far-reaching results. It never rusts and cannot be stolen.† Martin Luther King Jr

The Importance of Psychology Today Free Essays

The study of mental functions and human behavior in which scientists develop hypotheses and test these theories are referred to today as psychology. In effort to explain the human behaviors, psychologist research and use the studies of other psychologist in effort to find the answers to question like why a person acts or behaves the way they do? The most common approaches in psychology are behavioral, psychoanalytic, cognitive, social/cultural, and physiological. The complexity of humans has fascinated scientist for years. We will write a custom essay sample on The Importance of Psychology Today or any similar topic only for you Order Now Psychologists have been investigating human’s cognitive, humanistic, social/cultural and behavioral responses since the beginning of this century. It has been only recently that the physiological approach has begun to understand how the brain affects behavior and how behavior affects the brain. In the 1800’s psychology used two major approaches known as structuralism and functionalism. Structuralism approach analyses the basic elements of experiences in which people acknowledged. In effort to research mental awareness of people, psychologies recorded the verbal explanations of their experiences. Functionalism focused on how the brain processes information when people are being observed in the ideal learning conditions. Frances Galton believed that intellectual abilities were inherited and fixed at birth because when he observed that people in the same family often were similar in terms of intelligence. By the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, a psychologist named Stanley Hall was the first president of the American Psychological Association and the founder of the first scientific psychological journal. The American Psychological Association provided a way from many psychologists to share their researches. Hall was one of the first psychologists to explain the biological view of human behavior with an emphasis on stages of development unfolding in a predetermined way. Hall observed children and described the ages that certain behaviors could be expected. He believed that children had an inner timetable to display behaviors like crawling, waking, and talking which occurred at similar ages regardless of the learning or experience of the children (Schickedanz Forsyth). In addition, several child psychologists gathered dada to establish age-related standards or patterns of behavior that applied to large groups of children. This was considered the norms for child behavior and became known as the developmental theory that is still in use today. The psychoanalytic theory originated with Sigmund Freud. While the earlier part of the twentieth century documented intellectual and physical development, Freud studied personality and emotional development. He recognized the importance of biology but also stressed the interaction of biology with the environment. Freud was interested in neurology and the psychological causes of the subject’s behavior responses. This component of personality, Freud labeled instinct and referred to the mental representation of the body’s needs and functions. Today, psychologists still use Freud’s theory and parts of the personality of people in their studies of human behavior. Some Psychologist use Freud’s theory of the id, ego, and superego. The id is the unconscious source of instinct and operated according to the pleasure principle and gratification. The ego tries to direct the id but is the reality-oriented part of the personality. The ego tries to deter the id so that there is not a negative consequence to the instinctive action. Next, there is the superego in which is part of the moral component of the personality. According to Freud, the superego is responsible for guilt and anxiety and understand the significant of punishment when display inappropriate behavior. Finally, there is the ego defense mechanism in which guards the ego against overwhelming negative consequences form others. Later, Erik Erikson developed another theory because he did not agree with Freud’s theory of the id, ego, and superego. Erikson focused more on how society affects the ego. He believed that healthy adaptation to reality differs greatly from one society to another. He saw that society’s demands on a person would change the person as he or she grows. Therefore, an individual is influence by his or her environment. These external environmental changes were also responsible for shaping behavior so that the behavior reflected the views of society. Another well known psychologist was B. F. Skinner and he was a behaviorist. His behaviorism theory was often referred to as radical behaviorism. He showed that reinforcing the desired behaviors produces the desire response. He proved this theory when he demonstrated how a pigeon would peck a red dot when it knew it opened a door to reveal bird food ( Branches of Psychology). Today, positive reinforcement is frequently used to change the undesirable behaviors of children. As a result, children produce the desired behavior society expects at home, in school, and in any other environment (Dong Juhu) The social/cultural approach covers the behavioral patterns of society as a whole. These behavioral patterns cover lifestyles, habits, arts, rituals, beliefs, activities, and ethics. It is common belief by Carl Gustav Jung that humans share common emotions and awareness regardless of the identified culture. Humans are social creatures and the cultural customs shape people’s behavior from childhood. Today, in United States there are many cultures, a variety of religious beliefs, social gathering, political beliefs, and economic influences that structure society (Overskeid). Today, the shift in roles in which people play like stay home dads, male nurses, and female police officers are becoming the norms in certain areas of society. The biological approach of psychology is the study of the brain and the nervous system. The nervous system is the central system within the body that carries messages to the brain. The crucial section is the neurons which are the structures of the nerve cell and it is responsible for transmissions that occur between the nerve cells and the brain. There are many other parts of the nervous system but the brain is the most important. There are three anatomy of the brain but the cerebral cortex section of the brain is responsible for the basic behavior functions. The biological psychology studies all of the parts of the body and how each of these parts affects human behaviors. Biological psychology takes into account genetics and the large roll it plays in human behavior. Genetics does not just refer to inherited traits but also to what is inside the body, such as glandular and hormone functions. Biology plays and important part of psychology because it allows scientist to learn about the brain functions and how to help people who suffer from head traumas. It also allows scientist a way to understand how brain traumas correlates between physical responses, as well as their emotional responses to situations when a person could not recall actual memories that delivered such responses. In conclusion, the more common approaches in psychology today are behavioral, psychoanalytic, cognitive, and social/cultural. The behavioral approach emphasizes that behavior is shaped by the environment while psychoanalytic approach is the study of how the brain affects behavior and how behavior affects the brain. The cognitive pproach is the research of how awareness, thoughts, and strategies to problem solve affect individual’s lives. The cognitive approach studies whether or not a person’s behavior is a result of consciousness guiding a person’s personal feelings. Social/cultural approach relates to a situation that influences actions that are considered to be the norms of society and which roles people play. The biological approach is important because it provides a way for psychologist to understand a person who suffers from a head trauma emotional and physically. How to cite The Importance of Psychology Today, Papers

Abstinence and Non-Abstinence Treatment- Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the debatable topic on Abstinence and Non-Abstinence treatment while helping to recover from alcohol addictions. Answer: Introduction In this report, the researcher tries to highlight the effects that can be caused due to excess consumption of alcohol and drugs. Drugs and alcohol consumption can lead to many diseases in a human being. These cause addiction that can become fatal for the people. Hence, in order to relieve people from such addictions, the rehabilitation centres provide certain treatments to the people. These treatments help a person to be cured of the ill habit that may poison their lives. The report focuses on two types of treatments that are provided to the people suffering from excessive consumption of these fluids; the abstinence focussed treatment and the non-abstinence focused treatment. These two types of treatments are compared and contrasted depending upon the effect it causes when applied to a person. The report also provides the ways by which these treatments can help a person from attaining a healthy life by leaving the past life behind. Ill effects of alcohol and drugs White and Hingson, (2014) stated that consumption of alcohol by a limited proportion could be acceptable to many people. However, excess consumption of alcohol can lead to many life-threatening diseases. This may have short-term as well as long-term effects on the lives of the people. Similarly, the use of drugs is permissible by a limited dose of medicines. The excess use and addiction of drugs also have certain effects that may lead to the loss of life of an individual. However, Notley et al., (2015) countered it by stating that most of the short-term effects of alcohol could be attributed to the consumption of various mind-altering substances. The reactions that are caused due to the mixture of these substances lead to drowsiness, slurring of speech, disruption of sleep. These, in turn, lead to temporary loss of consciousness, irritable bowels frequent blackouts and coma. This may lead to the death of the person. Apart from this, overweight and increase of blood pressure can also arise due to the consumption of alcohol. The long-term disorders that can be caused due to the effects of alcohol can also be catastrophic. It can lead to permanent damage of brain cells thereby stopping the brain cells to work. Liver damage is also another disease that can be caused due to excessive drinking. Excessive drinking can also lead a person to lose the level of tolerance. This increases the addiction level of alcohol consumption in an individual. The high intake of drugs can also cause failure of the nerves. This can lead to loss of sense, brain and kidney damage that may affect the life of the people. Such intake of alcohol and drugs are common among younger people. Thereby, Maisel et al., (2013) stated that the need for a cure of these people is more important. Proper awareness about the ill effects of intake of drugs and alcohol need to be promoted in order to save the younger generation from falling victim to it. Thus, it can be said that an abstinence treatment can be undertaken in order to cure the patients suffering from such addictions. The effectiveness of it is discussed to understand its contribution. Concept of abstinence focussed treatment According to Stapinski et al., (2015), abstinence focussed treatment treats the level of addiction among an individual as the disease itself. Physicians practising this type of treatment do not wait for an individual to suffer from any disease. Rather than that, the addiction itself is considered as a fatal disease. However, the model of treatment cannot provide a specific cure for the individuals. Hence, support is provided to the individuals by counselling. Proper counselling can help an individual to recover from any level of alcoholism provided he takes proper care of action and keeps himself away from alcohols and drugs. This approach helps an individual to give up the intake of alcohol completely. Witkiewitz et al., (2016) stated that abstinence treatment is the only way a person can get back the life that was lost due to alcohol and drugs. The primary principle of addiction is the fact that people becoming mentally involved with the use of alcohol and drugs. Hence, due to lack of proper medical techniques to provide a cure, physicians depend upon psychological treatments of the patients. The recovery of the patients is done by taking responsibility for the cause of the disease. The cognitive behaviour of the individuals is required to be assessed. This can be done by individual or group therapy sessions known as the AA sessions. According to Cunningham et al., (2017), diagnosis for this type of disease requires the analysis of the level of addiction. Various types of treatment exist that include control-craving drugs, behavioural, group therapy, and prevention therapy. This systematic approach needs to be conducted keeping in mind the addiction level of the patients. This type of system is adopted in order to provide a long-term residential treatment for the patients. An aftercare programme is also provided in order to maintain the progress level of the patients who have completed the treatment. A 12-step meeting is conducted that the reinforcement benefits can be obtained from core principles. Hence, the effectiveness of this treatment can be based on the success it gets from helping the patients (Bergman et al., 2015). Necessary tools are provided to patients so that they can maintain the control over drugs and alcohol. Effectiveness of abstinence focussed treatment According to Wilder et al., (2014), abstinence is considered to be an essential part of rehabilitation. In most cases, it is seen that abstinence needs to be considered as an essential goal for the rehab of an alcoholic or drug-addicted patient. This is because the manner in which a patient is approached by the rehab centres helps them to recover quickly. The 12-step programme has played a vital role in bringing happiness into the lives of the people. It has been seen that years of alcohol and drug use can lead to failure of liver and cause brain and nerve damage. However, a proper psychological approach can lead to the person recovering from this trauma. Hence, the effectiveness of this treatment can be justified clearly. It has been proven that 695 people of Scotland had been recovered in 33 months by following a regular treatment in 2006. The success rate indicates the high efficacy it has on the treatment of the addiction. It has also been seen that the less care taken by the pat ients increases more chances of relapse to occur (Holmes et al., 2014). However, there has been a criticism of this theory. The main reason for the criticism is the fact that the individuals suffer from relapses. However, relapses have been accepted as part of the disease. This is mainly due to the discontinuation of the people seeking rehab. They fail the treatment may be due to lack of guidance or due to the fact that certain cases required extensive medical care rather than just moral support. The other reason for the criticism is the fact that abstinence treatment is an only one-sided treatment (Julien, 2013). Once this treatment starts to be effective in the individual then no other forms of treatment can be carried on. This model is based on the harm reduction model. This is because the harm reduction model does not seek opinions of specialised therapists in order to cure the patients. Hence, despite its huge success rate, the abstinence theory also draws in many criticisms that divert the opinion of the people. In this regard, most people prefer the adoption of non-abstinence focused treatment. Concept of non-abstinence focussed treatment The non-abstinence focused treatment is termed as a self-development approach to quit alcohol or drugs (Hartzler Garrett, 2016). Unlike the abstinence treatment, this treatment focuses on the conscience of the individuals in taking decisions based on the level of addiction. No proper treatment is provided to an individual in order to deal with the consequences that may be faced due to a certain level of consumption of alcohol. This can be considered as a notification to set up programmes for moderation that consider alcoholics to be a part of the programming campaign. Most people because of the lack of use of medications consider this treatment. However, Stea, Hodgins Fung, (2015) stated that non-abstinence treatment is not as effective as the abstinence treatment. This is mainly because of the fact that the people are not aware of the level of addiction. Self-realisation in terms of consumption of drinks and alcohol are needed in order to lead a healthy life. In this regard, it ca n be said that self-realisation can be more effective than getting into a rehab centre. This is because the conscience of the people let them perform staffs that can help or break their life. It has been seen that most people refuse to undertake AA treatment. This is because they feel that the people engaged in the centres will control their lives. This can be a setback for the people, as they need to be convinced about the ill effects of consumption of alcohols and drugs. With the self-realisation technique, people can understand the control and ensure that the consumption of these harmful substances is reduced. This is evidenced by the fact that only 10% of the people suffering from excess alcohol and drugs enter a rehab facility to remain in good health (Carr, 2014). Hence, it can be said that the effectiveness of this treatment facility can be attributed to the fact that people prefer this treatment to the abstinence treatment. Most people need to feel invested personally rather than being asked by a therapist in order to control the addiction. The effectiveness is described in detail. Effectiveness of non-abstinence focussed treatment According to Snipes and Benotsch, (2013), the non-abstinence focused treatment allows people to continue drinking despite the ill effects of alcohol. The level of addiction needs to be determined by the people itself. Such an action has led to considerable success in the lives of many people. The people itself understand the choice of treatment and the ways by which life can be lead. This provides for an independent meaning of life. Hence, it has been seen that most people suffering from such addictions prefer to use this type of treatment. The effectiveness of this is that the people can be treated at home without relocating to a rehab centre. This is important as people can take their time in recovering and can be supported by their family members. Like abstinence treatment, this can also be considered as a type of providing cognitive support to the people. The difference, however, lays in the fact that personal information does not need to be shared with any stranger. Instead, the family members can provide the necessary support to the people (Schulte et al., 2014). However, this treatment has also received criticism. One of the major criticisms of this approach is the fact that most people do not possess the power of self-control. The level of addiction of these people cannot be determined, as they prefer to continue drinking and have no guide to help them. Proper medication can also not be provided to them since these people try to cure themselves. Thus, it can be said that not every people can use the non-abstinence approach. Apart from this in a case of emergency, the non-abstinence approach can also not function properly. The absence of a proper medical representative can cause the failure to detect seriousness of any issue. Bergman et al., (2014) observed that the non-abstinence treatment could not guarantee any success regarding the non-consumption of alcohol. This is because the resolution taken by the people can break owing to certain factors. These factors need to be dealt with in order to remain free from alcohol and drug consumption. This cannot be done on a regular basis to maintain a clean life. Comparison between the treatments Mithoefer et al., (2013) observed that the abstinence treatment is more for people that consume alcohol at a higher level. These people are considered as true drinkers as they consume alcohol at a higher rate than other people do. Hence, the chances of suffering are more for these people. The abstinence treatment helps in proper identification of the disease and suggests an accurate cure for it. The use of the cognitive method of approach to cure patients helps to understand the mind of the people. Another important aspect that is considered similar to the abstinence treatment is the fact that it conducts a 12-step programme after the patient has been discharged. This helps to understand the level of control sustained by an individual (Volkow et al., 2014). The meeting between various people of similar problems can lead to the realisation about the ill effects of alcohol and drugs consumption. This is similar to the treatment offered in the non-abstinence programme. The self-control of the people is focused more than the medication of the people. The non-abstinence treatment focuses more on the moderation of the people. These people are termed as problem drinkers as the consumption level of alcohol is not in excess amount. However, these people tend to consume alcohol and intake drugs at a rate that may also be fatal for them. Wise and Koob, (2014) observed that in order to receive non-abstinence treatment one needs to be mentally strong as the convincing needs to be done on oneself. This is a huge difference when compared with abstinence programme. This is because in the case of abstinence treatment the people are convinced by providing examples about the lives of others. Hence, people can control the urge to consume the poisonous substances. The lack of a medical representative also causes the misunderstanding of the problems. However, an advantage that the treatment provides is the home based care. People can remain at home and take care of themselves. Thus, it can be said that both the forms of treatments have positive an d negative aspect and different characteristics. The varied forms of treatment provide a comprehensive choice for people depending upon the level of consumption of alcohol and drugs (Kaltenbach Jones, 2016). Conclusion Thus, it can be concluded that abstinence focused treatment, as well as non-abstinence, focused treatment, are effective in solving any addiction level in a person. The approaches differ in terms of encouraging and motivating a person from ignoring these habits. The abstinence approach develops a cognitive theory that helps in maintaining the level of addiction. A 12-step programme helps the people to recover from any addiction completely and lead a normal life. The side effects of these addictions can be fatal and as a result, it is important for the people to follow the steps in order to reduce health scares. The non-abstinence programme also develops self-conscience in the mind of the people. This can be a little challenging to undergo, as the people need to have the will required to abstain from drinking. Thus, the techniques can help in maintaining a balanced and healthy life. References Bergman, B. G., Greene, M. C., Slaymaker, V., Hoeppner, B. B., Kelly, J. F. (2014). Young adults with co-occurring disorders: substance use disorder treatment response and outcomes.Journal of substance abuse treatment,46(4), 420-428. Bergman, B. G., Hoeppner, B. B., Nelson, L. M., Slaymaker, V., Kelly, J. F. (2015). The effects of continuing care on emerging adult outcomes following residential addiction treatment.Drug and alcohol dependence,153, 207-214. Carr, A. (2014). The evidence base for couple therapy, family therapy and systemic interventions for adult?focused problems.Journal of Family Therapy,36(2), 158-194. Cunningham, C., Stitzer, M., Campbell, A. N., Pavlicova, M., Hu, M. C., Nunes, E. V. (2017). Contingency management abstinence incentives: Cost and implications for treatment tailoring.Journal of substance abuse treatment,72, 134-139. Hartzler, B., Garrett, S. (2016). Interest and preferences for contingency management design among addiction treatment clientele.The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse,42(3), 287-295. Holmes, J., Meng, Y., Meier, P. S., Brennan, A., Angus, C., Campbell-Burton, A., ... Purshouse, R. C. (2014). Effects of minimum unit pricing for alcohol on different income and socioeconomic groups: a modelling study.The Lancet,383(9929), 1655-1664. Julien, R. M. (2013).A primer of drug action: A concise nontechnical guide to the actions, uses, and side effects of psychoactive drugs, revised and updated. Holt Paperbacks. Kaltenbach, K., Jones, H. E. (2016). Neonatal abstinence syndrome: presentation and treatment considerations.Journal of addiction medicine,10(4), 217-223. Maisel, N. C., Blodgett, J. C., Wilbourne, P. L., Humphreys, K., Finney, J. W. (2013). Meta?analysis of naltrexone and acamprosate for treating alcohol use disorders: when are these medications most helpful?.Addiction,108(2), 275-293. Mithoefer, M. C., Wagner, M. T., Mithoefer, A. T., Jerome, L., Martin, S. F., Yazar-Klosinski, B., ... Doblin, R. (2013). Durability of improvement in post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and absence of harmful effects or drug dependency after 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-assisted psychotherapy: a prospective long-term follow-up study.Journal of Psychopharmacology,27(1), 28-39. Notley, C., Blyth, A., Maskrey, V., Pinto, H., Holland, R. (2015). Exploring the concepts of abstinence and recovery through the experiences of long-term opiate substitution clients.Substance Abuse,36(2), 232-239. Schulte, M. H., Cousijn, J., den Uyl, T. E., Goudriaan, A. E., van den Brink, W., Veltman, D. J., ... Wiers, R. W. (2014). Recovery of neurocognitive functions following sustained abstinence after substance dependence and implications for treatment.Clinical psychology review,34(7), 531-550. Snipes, D. J., Benotsch, E. G. (2013). High-risk cocktails and high-risk sex: examining the relation between alcohol mixed with energy drink consumption, sexual behavior, and drug use in college students.Addictive behaviors,38(1), 1418-1423. Stapinski, L. A., Rapee, R. M., Sannibale, C., Teesson, M., Haber, P. S., Baillie, A. J. (2015). The clinical and theoretical basis for integrated cognitive behavioral treatment of comorbid social anxiety and alcohol use disorders.Cognitive and Behavioral Practice,22(4), 504-521. Stea, J. N., Hodgins, D. C., Fung, T. (2015). Abstinence versus moderation goals in brief motivational treatment for pathological gambling.Journal of Gambling Studies,31(3), 1029-1045. Volkow, N. D., Baler, R. D., Compton, W. M., Weiss, S. R. (2014). Adverse health effects of marijuana use.New England Journal of Medicine,370(23), 2219-2227. White, A., Hingson, R. (2014). The burden of alcohol use: Excessive alcohol consumption and related consequences among college students.Alcohol research: current reviews,35(2), 201. Wilder, C. M., Fred Wells Brason, I. I., Clark, A. K., Galanter, M., Walley, A. Y., Winstanley, E. L. (2014). Development and implementation of an opioid overdose prevention program within a preexisting substance use disorders treatment center.Journal of addiction medicine,8(3), 164-169. Wise, R. A., Koob, G. F. (2014). The development and maintenance of drug addiction.Neuropsychopharmacology,39(2), 254. Witkiewitz, K., Roos, C. R., Pearson, M. R., Hallgren, K. A., Maisto, S. A., Kirouac, M., ... Tonigan, J. S. (2016). How much is too much? Patterns of drinking during alcohol treatment and associations with post-treatment outcomes across three alcohol clinical trials.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs,78(1), 59-69.

Left000 Largemouth Bass Essays - Fish, Freshwater Fish,

left000 Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides Description; they grow 4 to 6 inches during their first year, 8 to 12 inches in two years, 16 inches in three years. They are usually green with dark blotches that form a horizontal stripe along the middle of the fish on either side. The underside ranges in color from light green to almost white. Their upper jaw reaches far beyond the rear margin of the eye. Habitat; Largemouth bass seek protective cover such as logs, rock ledges, vegetation, and man-made structures. They prefer clear quiet water, but will survive quite well in a variety of habitats. Eating; They are carnivores. Hibernation; Yes, they hibernate during winter months. Reproduction; During one summer, a female largemouth bass can spawn three times releasing 2,300 to 81,100 eggs per spawn. This rate ofreproductionis necessary to maintain adequatebassforage in a balanced largemouth bassfishery. Largemouth bass can spawn at 1 year old, but typically beginspawningafter they reach 9 to 10 inches long. right20002500Life Cycle; Life Cycle. Largemouths usually spawn in the spring when water temperatures are between 60F and 70F. However, if water conditions are unsuitable and disrupt the plannedspawningseason, the fish can waitfor aslongas sixty days to resumespawning. Endangered; They are on the "Least Concerned" list.