Martin Textile - 6254 Words

closing Case Martins Textiles August 12, 1992, was a really bad day for John Martin. That was the day Canada, Mexico, and the United States announced an agreement in principle to form the North American Free Trade Agreement. Under the plan, all tariffs between the three countries would be eliminated within the next 10 to 15 years, with most being cut in 5 years. What disturbed John most was the plans provision that all tariffs on trade of textiles among the three countries were to be removed within 10 years. Under the proposed agreement, Mexico and Canada would also be allowed to ship a specific amount of clothing and textiles made from foreign materials to the United States each year, and this quota would rise slightly over the first†¦show more content†¦A political union is the logical culmination of attempts to achieve ever-closer economic integration. 3. Regional economic integration is an attempt to achieve economic gains from the free flow of trade and investment between neighboring countries. 4. Integration is not easily achieved or sustained. Although integration brings benefits to the majority, it is never without costs for the minority. Furthermore, concerns over national sovereignty often slow or stop integration attempts. 5. Regional integration will not increase economic welfare if the trade creation effects in the free trade area are outweighed by the trade diversion effects. 6. The Single European Act sought to create a true single market by abolishing administrative barriers to the free flow of trade and investment between EU countries. 7. The Maastricht Treaty aims to take the EU even further along the road to economic union by establishing a common currency. The economic gains from a common currency come from reduced exchange costs, reduced risk associated with currency fluctuations, and increased price competition within the EU. 8. Although no other attempt at regional economic integration comes close to the EU in terms of potential economic and political significance, various other attempts are being made in the world. The most notable include NAFTA in North America, the Andean Pact and MERCOSUR in Latin America, ASEAN inShow MoreRelatedMartin Textile6243 Words   |  25 Pagesclosing Case Martins Textiles August 12, 1992, was a really bad day for John Martin. That was the day Canada, Mexico, and the United States announced an agreement in principle to form the North American Free Trade Agreement. Under the plan, all tariffs between the three countries would be eliminated within the next 10 to 15 years, with most being cut in 5 years. What disturbed John most was the plans provision that all tariffs on trade of textiles among the three countries were to be removedRead MoreCase Study Martin Textile Starbuck1000 Words   |  4 Pagesshould corporations have toward the country in which they operate? To their country of origin? CASE STUDY 1 MARTIN TEXTILES Question 1 Economic cost The production cost that is labour cost if Martin Textile shift its production to Mexico will be reduced to less than USD2 per hour as compared to wage rate paid to its unionised New York plant(USD12.50 per hour) and non unionised textile plant in southeastern US(USD8 to USD10 per hour). The production too will be able to avoid cost disadvantageRead MoreThe Importance Of Gadils1181 Words   |  5 Pagessodium calcium alginate gel (Horrocks Anand). The gel is hydrophilic in nature, permeable to oxygen, and impermeable to bacteria, and make a contribution to the creation of new tissue (Horrocks Anand). Gauze, lint, and wadding the other textile materials used for wound-dressing applications (Rajendran Anand, 2002). Gauze is an open-weave, absorbent fabric coated with paraffin wax and mainly used for the treatments of burns and scalds. In surgical application, gauze mainly serves as anRead MoreEnvironmental Issues In The Fashion Industry Essay1903 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction This paper explores the use of colour changing textiles and how the fashion industry could benefit from it. It explains why they are perfect solutions for the environmental issues. Fashion industry is one of the most wasteful and environmentally impactful industries in the world. There is a lot of pressure to find less wasteful ways of producing clothing and to make fashion more sustainable. One of those ways is the invention of colour changing fabrics (Rachel Skudlarek, 2017). ChapterRead MoreThe Black Death And Its Effects On Western Europe Essay1391 Words   |  6 Pageslonger perceived as The Lord of creation but rather the ruler of nature. This new perspective on life came from awareness of self. Humanism helped create the Protestant Reformation. Martin Luther also had a major part in creating this movement. Martin Luther was born November 10,1483 in Eisleben, Germany. As Martin got more recognition his family became more respected. He was a man who dedicated himself to studying the bible. By doing so he discovered God’s truth, people were saved by faith andRead MoreThe Aztec Capital2084 Words   |  9 PagesTerms To Know: 1. Tribute: Tributes were used in the Aztec capital, Tenochtitlan. The subject peoples brought gold, textiles, turquoise, obsidian, tropical bird feathers, and cacao to the capital as tribute. Tributes are goods given to rulers as an act of submission or in order to receive protection. 2. Matriarchal: A matriarchal society is a society governed by women. The Iroquios, five different native american nations banded together by a man named Hiawatha, ruled through a matriarchal systemRead MoreAfrican Women s Struggle For Civil Rights1104 Words   |  5 Pagesstrengthened the concept of the superior/inferior relationship by making the slave more dependent on his master. (pg.436) Slavery grew rapidly because of the cross-Atlantic slave trading industry. Owning a slave was economically attractive to the North s textile industries and South s agricultural interests. Many farmers and plantation owners morally opposed slavery, however, economic reality prevented the abolition of the system, opting instead to ban the exportation of new slaves into the country by 1808Read MoreThe Presidential Election Of 18281787 Words   |  8 Pagespresidential candidates. This election was heavily fueled by slogans due to the fact that textile manufacturing became the country’s top production during this period. This election however, had some changes from previous elections such as the national political climate changes. These changes were directly linked to the national economic changes. This time around, the Democratic Party re-nominated President Martin Van Buren as their candidate and the Whig party nominated William Henry Harrison to representRead MoreA.P U.S History Chapter 11 Study Guide1154 Words   |  5 Pages1. Albany Regency-created by Martin Van Buren from NY. â€Å"Tightly disciplined state political machine in NY†. Not born into the elites. Van Buren had faith in the commoners. Allowed democracy to flourish, helped suffrage. 2. As a Bucktail, Van Buren’s goal was democracy and less power to elites. He helped create National Political parties, and went up against elite DeWitt. 3. 1840, changing voting qualifications changed and 90% of adult males over 21 could vote. 4. Universal manhoodRead More Passive Resistance as a Powerful Tool for Social and Political Change1503 Words   |  7 Pagesviolence. As Martin Luther King Jr. and Gandhi, have argued, passive resistance is a noble means to a peaceful end, in which only the followers of a movement risk themselves and bring no harm to those whom they oppose. â€Å"Passive resistance,† according to Mahatma Gandhi, â€Å"is an all sided sword; it can be used anyhow; it blesses him who uses it and him against whom it is used. Without drawing a drop of blood it produces far-reaching results. It never rusts and cannot be stolen.† Martin Luther King Jr

The Importance of Psychology Today Free Essays

The study of mental functions and human behavior in which scientists develop hypotheses and test these theories are referred to today as psychology. In effort to explain the human behaviors, psychologist research and use the studies of other psychologist in effort to find the answers to question like why a person acts or behaves the way they do? The most common approaches in psychology are behavioral, psychoanalytic, cognitive, social/cultural, and physiological. The complexity of humans has fascinated scientist for years. We will write a custom essay sample on The Importance of Psychology Today or any similar topic only for you Order Now Psychologists have been investigating human’s cognitive, humanistic, social/cultural and behavioral responses since the beginning of this century. It has been only recently that the physiological approach has begun to understand how the brain affects behavior and how behavior affects the brain. In the 1800’s psychology used two major approaches known as structuralism and functionalism. Structuralism approach analyses the basic elements of experiences in which people acknowledged. In effort to research mental awareness of people, psychologies recorded the verbal explanations of their experiences. Functionalism focused on how the brain processes information when people are being observed in the ideal learning conditions. Frances Galton believed that intellectual abilities were inherited and fixed at birth because when he observed that people in the same family often were similar in terms of intelligence. By the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, a psychologist named Stanley Hall was the first president of the American Psychological Association and the founder of the first scientific psychological journal. The American Psychological Association provided a way from many psychologists to share their researches. Hall was one of the first psychologists to explain the biological view of human behavior with an emphasis on stages of development unfolding in a predetermined way. Hall observed children and described the ages that certain behaviors could be expected. He believed that children had an inner timetable to display behaviors like crawling, waking, and talking which occurred at similar ages regardless of the learning or experience of the children (Schickedanz Forsyth). In addition, several child psychologists gathered dada to establish age-related standards or patterns of behavior that applied to large groups of children. This was considered the norms for child behavior and became known as the developmental theory that is still in use today. The psychoanalytic theory originated with Sigmund Freud. While the earlier part of the twentieth century documented intellectual and physical development, Freud studied personality and emotional development. He recognized the importance of biology but also stressed the interaction of biology with the environment. Freud was interested in neurology and the psychological causes of the subject’s behavior responses. This component of personality, Freud labeled instinct and referred to the mental representation of the body’s needs and functions. Today, psychologists still use Freud’s theory and parts of the personality of people in their studies of human behavior. Some Psychologist use Freud’s theory of the id, ego, and superego. The id is the unconscious source of instinct and operated according to the pleasure principle and gratification. The ego tries to direct the id but is the reality-oriented part of the personality. The ego tries to deter the id so that there is not a negative consequence to the instinctive action. Next, there is the superego in which is part of the moral component of the personality. According to Freud, the superego is responsible for guilt and anxiety and understand the significant of punishment when display inappropriate behavior. Finally, there is the ego defense mechanism in which guards the ego against overwhelming negative consequences form others. Later, Erik Erikson developed another theory because he did not agree with Freud’s theory of the id, ego, and superego. Erikson focused more on how society affects the ego. He believed that healthy adaptation to reality differs greatly from one society to another. He saw that society’s demands on a person would change the person as he or she grows. Therefore, an individual is influence by his or her environment. These external environmental changes were also responsible for shaping behavior so that the behavior reflected the views of society. Another well known psychologist was B. F. Skinner and he was a behaviorist. His behaviorism theory was often referred to as radical behaviorism. He showed that reinforcing the desired behaviors produces the desire response. He proved this theory when he demonstrated how a pigeon would peck a red dot when it knew it opened a door to reveal bird food ( Branches of Psychology). Today, positive reinforcement is frequently used to change the undesirable behaviors of children. As a result, children produce the desired behavior society expects at home, in school, and in any other environment (Dong Juhu) The social/cultural approach covers the behavioral patterns of society as a whole. These behavioral patterns cover lifestyles, habits, arts, rituals, beliefs, activities, and ethics. It is common belief by Carl Gustav Jung that humans share common emotions and awareness regardless of the identified culture. Humans are social creatures and the cultural customs shape people’s behavior from childhood. Today, in United States there are many cultures, a variety of religious beliefs, social gathering, political beliefs, and economic influences that structure society (Overskeid). Today, the shift in roles in which people play like stay home dads, male nurses, and female police officers are becoming the norms in certain areas of society. The biological approach of psychology is the study of the brain and the nervous system. The nervous system is the central system within the body that carries messages to the brain. The crucial section is the neurons which are the structures of the nerve cell and it is responsible for transmissions that occur between the nerve cells and the brain. There are many other parts of the nervous system but the brain is the most important. There are three anatomy of the brain but the cerebral cortex section of the brain is responsible for the basic behavior functions. The biological psychology studies all of the parts of the body and how each of these parts affects human behaviors. Biological psychology takes into account genetics and the large roll it plays in human behavior. Genetics does not just refer to inherited traits but also to what is inside the body, such as glandular and hormone functions. Biology plays and important part of psychology because it allows scientist to learn about the brain functions and how to help people who suffer from head traumas. It also allows scientist a way to understand how brain traumas correlates between physical responses, as well as their emotional responses to situations when a person could not recall actual memories that delivered such responses. In conclusion, the more common approaches in psychology today are behavioral, psychoanalytic, cognitive, and social/cultural. The behavioral approach emphasizes that behavior is shaped by the environment while psychoanalytic approach is the study of how the brain affects behavior and how behavior affects the brain. The cognitive pproach is the research of how awareness, thoughts, and strategies to problem solve affect individual’s lives. The cognitive approach studies whether or not a person’s behavior is a result of consciousness guiding a person’s personal feelings. Social/cultural approach relates to a situation that influences actions that are considered to be the norms of society and which roles people play. The biological approach is important because it provides a way for psychologist to understand a person who suffers from a head trauma emotional and physically. How to cite The Importance of Psychology Today, Papers

Abstinence and Non-Abstinence Treatment- Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the debatable topic on Abstinence and Non-Abstinence treatment while helping to recover from alcohol addictions. Answer: Introduction In this report, the researcher tries to highlight the effects that can be caused due to excess consumption of alcohol and drugs. Drugs and alcohol consumption can lead to many diseases in a human being. These cause addiction that can become fatal for the people. Hence, in order to relieve people from such addictions, the rehabilitation centres provide certain treatments to the people. These treatments help a person to be cured of the ill habit that may poison their lives. The report focuses on two types of treatments that are provided to the people suffering from excessive consumption of these fluids; the abstinence focussed treatment and the non-abstinence focused treatment. These two types of treatments are compared and contrasted depending upon the effect it causes when applied to a person. The report also provides the ways by which these treatments can help a person from attaining a healthy life by leaving the past life behind. Ill effects of alcohol and drugs White and Hingson, (2014) stated that consumption of alcohol by a limited proportion could be acceptable to many people. However, excess consumption of alcohol can lead to many life-threatening diseases. This may have short-term as well as long-term effects on the lives of the people. Similarly, the use of drugs is permissible by a limited dose of medicines. The excess use and addiction of drugs also have certain effects that may lead to the loss of life of an individual. However, Notley et al., (2015) countered it by stating that most of the short-term effects of alcohol could be attributed to the consumption of various mind-altering substances. The reactions that are caused due to the mixture of these substances lead to drowsiness, slurring of speech, disruption of sleep. These, in turn, lead to temporary loss of consciousness, irritable bowels frequent blackouts and coma. This may lead to the death of the person. Apart from this, overweight and increase of blood pressure can also arise due to the consumption of alcohol. The long-term disorders that can be caused due to the effects of alcohol can also be catastrophic. It can lead to permanent damage of brain cells thereby stopping the brain cells to work. Liver damage is also another disease that can be caused due to excessive drinking. Excessive drinking can also lead a person to lose the level of tolerance. This increases the addiction level of alcohol consumption in an individual. The high intake of drugs can also cause failure of the nerves. This can lead to loss of sense, brain and kidney damage that may affect the life of the people. Such intake of alcohol and drugs are common among younger people. Thereby, Maisel et al., (2013) stated that the need for a cure of these people is more important. Proper awareness about the ill effects of intake of drugs and alcohol need to be promoted in order to save the younger generation from falling victim to it. Thus, it can be said that an abstinence treatment can be undertaken in order to cure the patients suffering from such addictions. The effectiveness of it is discussed to understand its contribution. Concept of abstinence focussed treatment According to Stapinski et al., (2015), abstinence focussed treatment treats the level of addiction among an individual as the disease itself. Physicians practising this type of treatment do not wait for an individual to suffer from any disease. Rather than that, the addiction itself is considered as a fatal disease. However, the model of treatment cannot provide a specific cure for the individuals. Hence, support is provided to the individuals by counselling. Proper counselling can help an individual to recover from any level of alcoholism provided he takes proper care of action and keeps himself away from alcohols and drugs. This approach helps an individual to give up the intake of alcohol completely. Witkiewitz et al., (2016) stated that abstinence treatment is the only way a person can get back the life that was lost due to alcohol and drugs. The primary principle of addiction is the fact that people becoming mentally involved with the use of alcohol and drugs. Hence, due to lack of proper medical techniques to provide a cure, physicians depend upon psychological treatments of the patients. The recovery of the patients is done by taking responsibility for the cause of the disease. The cognitive behaviour of the individuals is required to be assessed. This can be done by individual or group therapy sessions known as the AA sessions. According to Cunningham et al., (2017), diagnosis for this type of disease requires the analysis of the level of addiction. Various types of treatment exist that include control-craving drugs, behavioural, group therapy, and prevention therapy. This systematic approach needs to be conducted keeping in mind the addiction level of the patients. This type of system is adopted in order to provide a long-term residential treatment for the patients. An aftercare programme is also provided in order to maintain the progress level of the patients who have completed the treatment. A 12-step meeting is conducted that the reinforcement benefits can be obtained from core principles. Hence, the effectiveness of this treatment can be based on the success it gets from helping the patients (Bergman et al., 2015). Necessary tools are provided to patients so that they can maintain the control over drugs and alcohol. Effectiveness of abstinence focussed treatment According to Wilder et al., (2014), abstinence is considered to be an essential part of rehabilitation. In most cases, it is seen that abstinence needs to be considered as an essential goal for the rehab of an alcoholic or drug-addicted patient. This is because the manner in which a patient is approached by the rehab centres helps them to recover quickly. The 12-step programme has played a vital role in bringing happiness into the lives of the people. It has been seen that years of alcohol and drug use can lead to failure of liver and cause brain and nerve damage. However, a proper psychological approach can lead to the person recovering from this trauma. Hence, the effectiveness of this treatment can be justified clearly. It has been proven that 695 people of Scotland had been recovered in 33 months by following a regular treatment in 2006. The success rate indicates the high efficacy it has on the treatment of the addiction. It has also been seen that the less care taken by the pat ients increases more chances of relapse to occur (Holmes et al., 2014). However, there has been a criticism of this theory. The main reason for the criticism is the fact that the individuals suffer from relapses. However, relapses have been accepted as part of the disease. This is mainly due to the discontinuation of the people seeking rehab. They fail the treatment may be due to lack of guidance or due to the fact that certain cases required extensive medical care rather than just moral support. The other reason for the criticism is the fact that abstinence treatment is an only one-sided treatment (Julien, 2013). Once this treatment starts to be effective in the individual then no other forms of treatment can be carried on. This model is based on the harm reduction model. This is because the harm reduction model does not seek opinions of specialised therapists in order to cure the patients. Hence, despite its huge success rate, the abstinence theory also draws in many criticisms that divert the opinion of the people. In this regard, most people prefer the adoption of non-abstinence focused treatment. Concept of non-abstinence focussed treatment The non-abstinence focused treatment is termed as a self-development approach to quit alcohol or drugs (Hartzler Garrett, 2016). Unlike the abstinence treatment, this treatment focuses on the conscience of the individuals in taking decisions based on the level of addiction. No proper treatment is provided to an individual in order to deal with the consequences that may be faced due to a certain level of consumption of alcohol. This can be considered as a notification to set up programmes for moderation that consider alcoholics to be a part of the programming campaign. Most people because of the lack of use of medications consider this treatment. However, Stea, Hodgins Fung, (2015) stated that non-abstinence treatment is not as effective as the abstinence treatment. This is mainly because of the fact that the people are not aware of the level of addiction. Self-realisation in terms of consumption of drinks and alcohol are needed in order to lead a healthy life. In this regard, it ca n be said that self-realisation can be more effective than getting into a rehab centre. This is because the conscience of the people let them perform staffs that can help or break their life. It has been seen that most people refuse to undertake AA treatment. This is because they feel that the people engaged in the centres will control their lives. This can be a setback for the people, as they need to be convinced about the ill effects of consumption of alcohols and drugs. With the self-realisation technique, people can understand the control and ensure that the consumption of these harmful substances is reduced. This is evidenced by the fact that only 10% of the people suffering from excess alcohol and drugs enter a rehab facility to remain in good health (Carr, 2014). Hence, it can be said that the effectiveness of this treatment facility can be attributed to the fact that people prefer this treatment to the abstinence treatment. Most people need to feel invested personally rather than being asked by a therapist in order to control the addiction. The effectiveness is described in detail. Effectiveness of non-abstinence focussed treatment According to Snipes and Benotsch, (2013), the non-abstinence focused treatment allows people to continue drinking despite the ill effects of alcohol. The level of addiction needs to be determined by the people itself. Such an action has led to considerable success in the lives of many people. The people itself understand the choice of treatment and the ways by which life can be lead. This provides for an independent meaning of life. Hence, it has been seen that most people suffering from such addictions prefer to use this type of treatment. The effectiveness of this is that the people can be treated at home without relocating to a rehab centre. This is important as people can take their time in recovering and can be supported by their family members. Like abstinence treatment, this can also be considered as a type of providing cognitive support to the people. The difference, however, lays in the fact that personal information does not need to be shared with any stranger. Instead, the family members can provide the necessary support to the people (Schulte et al., 2014). However, this treatment has also received criticism. One of the major criticisms of this approach is the fact that most people do not possess the power of self-control. The level of addiction of these people cannot be determined, as they prefer to continue drinking and have no guide to help them. Proper medication can also not be provided to them since these people try to cure themselves. Thus, it can be said that not every people can use the non-abstinence approach. Apart from this in a case of emergency, the non-abstinence approach can also not function properly. The absence of a proper medical representative can cause the failure to detect seriousness of any issue. Bergman et al., (2014) observed that the non-abstinence treatment could not guarantee any success regarding the non-consumption of alcohol. This is because the resolution taken by the people can break owing to certain factors. These factors need to be dealt with in order to remain free from alcohol and drug consumption. This cannot be done on a regular basis to maintain a clean life. Comparison between the treatments Mithoefer et al., (2013) observed that the abstinence treatment is more for people that consume alcohol at a higher level. These people are considered as true drinkers as they consume alcohol at a higher rate than other people do. Hence, the chances of suffering are more for these people. The abstinence treatment helps in proper identification of the disease and suggests an accurate cure for it. The use of the cognitive method of approach to cure patients helps to understand the mind of the people. Another important aspect that is considered similar to the abstinence treatment is the fact that it conducts a 12-step programme after the patient has been discharged. This helps to understand the level of control sustained by an individual (Volkow et al., 2014). The meeting between various people of similar problems can lead to the realisation about the ill effects of alcohol and drugs consumption. This is similar to the treatment offered in the non-abstinence programme. The self-control of the people is focused more than the medication of the people. The non-abstinence treatment focuses more on the moderation of the people. These people are termed as problem drinkers as the consumption level of alcohol is not in excess amount. However, these people tend to consume alcohol and intake drugs at a rate that may also be fatal for them. Wise and Koob, (2014) observed that in order to receive non-abstinence treatment one needs to be mentally strong as the convincing needs to be done on oneself. This is a huge difference when compared with abstinence programme. This is because in the case of abstinence treatment the people are convinced by providing examples about the lives of others. Hence, people can control the urge to consume the poisonous substances. The lack of a medical representative also causes the misunderstanding of the problems. However, an advantage that the treatment provides is the home based care. People can remain at home and take care of themselves. Thus, it can be said that both the forms of treatments have positive an d negative aspect and different characteristics. The varied forms of treatment provide a comprehensive choice for people depending upon the level of consumption of alcohol and drugs (Kaltenbach Jones, 2016). Conclusion Thus, it can be concluded that abstinence focused treatment, as well as non-abstinence, focused treatment, are effective in solving any addiction level in a person. The approaches differ in terms of encouraging and motivating a person from ignoring these habits. The abstinence approach develops a cognitive theory that helps in maintaining the level of addiction. A 12-step programme helps the people to recover from any addiction completely and lead a normal life. The side effects of these addictions can be fatal and as a result, it is important for the people to follow the steps in order to reduce health scares. The non-abstinence programme also develops self-conscience in the mind of the people. This can be a little challenging to undergo, as the people need to have the will required to abstain from drinking. Thus, the techniques can help in maintaining a balanced and healthy life. References Bergman, B. G., Greene, M. C., Slaymaker, V., Hoeppner, B. B., Kelly, J. F. (2014). Young adults with co-occurring disorders: substance use disorder treatment response and outcomes.Journal of substance abuse treatment,46(4), 420-428. Bergman, B. G., Hoeppner, B. B., Nelson, L. M., Slaymaker, V., Kelly, J. F. (2015). The effects of continuing care on emerging adult outcomes following residential addiction treatment.Drug and alcohol dependence,153, 207-214. Carr, A. (2014). The evidence base for couple therapy, family therapy and systemic interventions for adult?focused problems.Journal of Family Therapy,36(2), 158-194. Cunningham, C., Stitzer, M., Campbell, A. N., Pavlicova, M., Hu, M. C., Nunes, E. V. (2017). Contingency management abstinence incentives: Cost and implications for treatment tailoring.Journal of substance abuse treatment,72, 134-139. Hartzler, B., Garrett, S. (2016). Interest and preferences for contingency management design among addiction treatment clientele.The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse,42(3), 287-295. Holmes, J., Meng, Y., Meier, P. S., Brennan, A., Angus, C., Campbell-Burton, A., ... Purshouse, R. C. (2014). Effects of minimum unit pricing for alcohol on different income and socioeconomic groups: a modelling study.The Lancet,383(9929), 1655-1664. Julien, R. M. (2013).A primer of drug action: A concise nontechnical guide to the actions, uses, and side effects of psychoactive drugs, revised and updated. Holt Paperbacks. Kaltenbach, K., Jones, H. E. (2016). Neonatal abstinence syndrome: presentation and treatment considerations.Journal of addiction medicine,10(4), 217-223. Maisel, N. C., Blodgett, J. C., Wilbourne, P. L., Humphreys, K., Finney, J. W. (2013). Meta?analysis of naltrexone and acamprosate for treating alcohol use disorders: when are these medications most helpful?.Addiction,108(2), 275-293. Mithoefer, M. C., Wagner, M. T., Mithoefer, A. T., Jerome, L., Martin, S. F., Yazar-Klosinski, B., ... Doblin, R. (2013). Durability of improvement in post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and absence of harmful effects or drug dependency after 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-assisted psychotherapy: a prospective long-term follow-up study.Journal of Psychopharmacology,27(1), 28-39. Notley, C., Blyth, A., Maskrey, V., Pinto, H., Holland, R. (2015). Exploring the concepts of abstinence and recovery through the experiences of long-term opiate substitution clients.Substance Abuse,36(2), 232-239. Schulte, M. H., Cousijn, J., den Uyl, T. E., Goudriaan, A. E., van den Brink, W., Veltman, D. J., ... Wiers, R. W. (2014). Recovery of neurocognitive functions following sustained abstinence after substance dependence and implications for treatment.Clinical psychology review,34(7), 531-550. Snipes, D. J., Benotsch, E. G. (2013). High-risk cocktails and high-risk sex: examining the relation between alcohol mixed with energy drink consumption, sexual behavior, and drug use in college students.Addictive behaviors,38(1), 1418-1423. Stapinski, L. A., Rapee, R. M., Sannibale, C., Teesson, M., Haber, P. S., Baillie, A. J. (2015). The clinical and theoretical basis for integrated cognitive behavioral treatment of comorbid social anxiety and alcohol use disorders.Cognitive and Behavioral Practice,22(4), 504-521. Stea, J. N., Hodgins, D. C., Fung, T. (2015). Abstinence versus moderation goals in brief motivational treatment for pathological gambling.Journal of Gambling Studies,31(3), 1029-1045. Volkow, N. D., Baler, R. D., Compton, W. M., Weiss, S. R. (2014). Adverse health effects of marijuana use.New England Journal of Medicine,370(23), 2219-2227. White, A., Hingson, R. (2014). The burden of alcohol use: Excessive alcohol consumption and related consequences among college students.Alcohol research: current reviews,35(2), 201. Wilder, C. M., Fred Wells Brason, I. I., Clark, A. K., Galanter, M., Walley, A. Y., Winstanley, E. L. (2014). Development and implementation of an opioid overdose prevention program within a preexisting substance use disorders treatment center.Journal of addiction medicine,8(3), 164-169. Wise, R. A., Koob, G. F. (2014). The development and maintenance of drug addiction.Neuropsychopharmacology,39(2), 254. Witkiewitz, K., Roos, C. R., Pearson, M. R., Hallgren, K. A., Maisto, S. A., Kirouac, M., ... Tonigan, J. S. (2016). How much is too much? Patterns of drinking during alcohol treatment and associations with post-treatment outcomes across three alcohol clinical trials.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs,78(1), 59-69.

Left000 Largemouth Bass Essays - Fish, Freshwater Fish,

left000 Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides Description; they grow 4 to 6 inches during their first year, 8 to 12 inches in two years, 16 inches in three years. They are usually green with dark blotches that form a horizontal stripe along the middle of the fish on either side. The underside ranges in color from light green to almost white. Their upper jaw reaches far beyond the rear margin of the eye. Habitat; Largemouth bass seek protective cover such as logs, rock ledges, vegetation, and man-made structures. They prefer clear quiet water, but will survive quite well in a variety of habitats. Eating; They are carnivores. Hibernation; Yes, they hibernate during winter months. Reproduction; During one summer, a female largemouth bass can spawn three times releasing 2,300 to 81,100 eggs per spawn. This rate ofreproductionis necessary to maintain adequatebassforage in a balanced largemouth bassfishery. Largemouth bass can spawn at 1 year old, but typically beginspawningafter they reach 9 to 10 inches long. right20002500Life Cycle; Life Cycle. Largemouths usually spawn in the spring when water temperatures are between 60F and 70F. However, if water conditions are unsuitable and disrupt the plannedspawningseason, the fish can waitfor aslongas sixty days to resumespawning. Endangered; They are on the "Least Concerned" list.

Mao and the Cultural Revolution Essays

Mao and the Cultural Revolution Essays Mao and the Cultural Revolution Paper Mao and the Cultural Revolution Paper China in the Cultural Revolution The historically unprecedented great peoples proletarian cultural revolution was a struggle for supremacy within the Chinese communist party which manifested into a wide scale social and political upheaval which brought china in 1966 to the brink of all out civil war. Although millions of people were murdered and tortured during its bloody course the cultural revolution is a chapter of china’s history rarely talked about, its just bad business to bring it up with someone who’s buying 26 percent of the world’s oil and 42% of all concrete produced globally. The Cultural Revolution was a period of vast upheaval and organized vandalism the likes of which had never occurred before, and through historical analysis it is reasonable to conclude that the great Cultural Revolution of 1966-67 was merely a means for Mao Zedong to purge the Chinese Communist Party and consolidate his own personal power. A period of calm and stable economic conservatism had settled over china after the upheaval and fervor of the great leap forward, and with its spectacular failure the moderates inside the CCP gained more power as Mao and his fiercely socialist policies lost considerable support. In this environment of political moderation and conservatism the ailing Mao felt capitalist and elitist ideology was infiltrating the party and the main goals of the 1949 revolution were being abandoned, and that to ensure the future of the communist party and china as a socialist state a reinvigoration of revolutionary spirit among the youths and children of china was necessary. It was from this small struggle to regain control over the party apparatus that a great public movement among students and the urban youth took hold all throughout china, and its destructive effects touched the lives of almost every Chinese person, from its epicenter in Beijing to the furthest provinces in Xiamen. For a little while, Mao disappeared from the centre of Chinese politics, and after his resignation as party secretary he retreated to his own devices to plan his next move against his growing enemies Deng Xiaoping and Zhou Enlai. On August 8, 1966 Mao returned to Beijing in a flurry of energy and revolutionary spirit and published a manifesto of 16 points in which he outlined his intentions for the future of china. Coinciding with this move was a great call to all workers and students to rededicate themselves to unwavering class struggle and eliminate bourgeoisie and upper class thinking and ideals and focus on promoting the virtues of the agrarian proletariat. This opportunity to escape work and indulge in blind ideological hysteria proved very tempting for most Chinese students and by the 16th of October millions of Red Guards, as they were dubbed, flocked to mass rallies in Tiananmen Square, where Mao and Lin Biao made frequent appearances to over 11 million adoring youths. With this call to arms throughout all major institutions Mao enlisted the impressionable and easily led youth of china as his instrument for reimposing his will upon the nation and reshaping it. The revolutionary fervor and blind fanaticism of the red guards was matched by no other in Chinese society, and indoctrinated teenagers all over china rushed to do his bidding and destroy the 4 Olds, the 4 enemies of the continuing revolution as outlined by Mao, old culture, old thoughts, old customs and old habits. In a practical sense Mao had ordained the destruction of religious sites and relics as well as the torture and imprisonment of anyone seen to be an â€Å"enemy of the revolution†. It was in this way that the Cultural Revolution broadened from an internal communist party purge to a mass public movement in line with the self preserving aims of Mao. Giant posters in universities and schools encouraged students to join the struggle against all those who had diverted from the revolutionary path, and in July in a carefully orchestrated propaganda event Mao was seen swimming in the Yangtze River, a move which served to rally further support for the revolution. This specific event touched the hearts of many Chinese and led to serious momentum behind the revolution, in modern terms it is the equivalent of Queen Elizabeth swimming the English channel, and it is easy to see why this great symbolic gesture excited all of china and inspired loyalty and devotion among the Chinese for their appearingly strong and wise leader. Mao took the opportunity of revolution to finally dispose of his political enemies, and it was his newly formed and wildly devoted red guards he used to publicly ridicule and intimidate his opponents both in Beijing and the outer provinces. After a rally held specifically against them and their actions, Mao’s two main rivals Deng Xiaoping and Lui Shaoqui were both purged, Lui beaten and imprisoned in foul conditions until his death in 1973, and Deng sent to corrective labor in Jiangxi province after witnessing the crippling of his son Pufang at the hands of the Red guards. As the existing student movement was elevated to a mass national campaign, attacks on religious and historical institutions intensified and many churches and temples were looted and destroyed. From the centers of the movement, the universities and schools, red guards took control of towns and cities and were allowed free reign by the police and government to hold ‘great debates’ and rallies and persecute all those with which they didn’t agree. At this time Red guards were also encouraged to travel to Beijing with free transport and food provided by the government and many took the opportunity to make a pilgrimage to Tiananmen Square to catch a glimpse of their beloved leader. By the end of 1966 Mao had a giant, easily manipulated, blindly devoted and violent army with which he consolidated his rule over the communist party with an iron fist, and at the same time elevated his personal following to almost cult status. In 1967 china Mao’s word was law, and involvement in some sort of revolutionary activity was the only way to avoid being purged. When analyzing this period of Chinese history many agree that the Cultural Revolution was carefully orchestrated by Mao Zedong himself and that the Red Guard movement grew out of prepared soil. Alongside great cruelty and egotistic mania Mao showed an astute grasp of mass psychology, he knew that the students were the most suggestible and easily manipulated group in Chinese society, and he appealed directly to them to create a vast political instrument with which he could forcefully impose his will upon the whole of china. The Cultural Revolution began to finally wind down in 1969, although many historians argue that it didn’t finally end until the arrest and subsequent execution of the â€Å"Gang of Four† in 1979. The effects of the Cultural Revolution directly or indirectly touched every facet of Chinese society, and the 10 years of organized vandalism and civil unrest brought the education system and economy to a grinding halt. Perhaps never before in human history has a political leader unleashed such massive forces against the system that he created, and it was the Cultural Revolution’s aim to ultimately alter the ideological nature and soul of the people which made its effects so chilling. From mid-1973 until Maos death in September 1976, Chinese politics shifted back and forth between Jiang Qing and those who supported her (notably Wang Hongwen, Zhang Chunqiao, and Yao Wenyuan, who with Jiang Qing were later dubbed the Gang of Four,) and the Zhou-Deng group. The former favored ideology, political mobilization, class struggle, anti intellectualism, egalitarianism, and xenophobia, while the latter promoted economic growth, stability, educational progress, and a pragmatic foreign policy. In recent years china has taken steps to rehabilitate the millions of Chinese displaced and formally recognized the full extent of the damage caused by the Cultural Revolution, although any expressions tracing blame back to the CCP are fiercely censored. By conducting unbiased historical analysis and with the benefit of hindsight it is reasonable to conclude that the cultural revolution was nothing more than a vast political and ideological purge which was aimed at eliminating every semblance of tradition, decency and intellectualism, in due course leaving only the divine chairman Mao and a clean slate upon which for him to propound his ideology and political agenda. The Red Guards were not only officially sanctioned but directed by the government, as police were ordered not to interfere in red guard activities and even give them information on ‘class enemies’. As John K Fairbank observed, â€Å"The idealistic youngsters who appeared to lead the Cultural Revolution were in fact nothing more than pawns in the power struggle within the CCP†. The cultural revolution was nothing more than a desperate purge by an ailing and meglomaniacal leader whose terrible effects are still felt today, and as I mentioned before, is a chapter of history the Chinese would rather forget ‘ Bibliography Lynch, M. 1998, The Peoples Republic of China Since 1949. 1st edition. London, Hodder and Stoughton. Dures, A. 1988. China since 1949. 1st edition. London, Batsford. Tsou, T. 1986. The Cultural Revolution and post-Mao reforms: a historical perspective. 2nd edition. US, University of Chicago Press. Chen, J. 1975. Inside the Cultural Revolution. 1st edition. University of California, Macmillan books ltd. Esmein, J. 1973. The Chinese Cultural Revolution (translated). La Revolution Culturelle Chinoise. California, Anchor Press. Wikipedia, Wikimedia foundation. 2007. Cultural Revolution (China). Accessed 3 nov 2007. Availble : http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Cultural_Revolution Galduroz, M. 2007 The Cultural Revolution. Available: http://library. thinkquest. org/26469/cultural-revolution/ Various, 2007. The People’s Republic of China: III . University of Maryland electronic resource. Available http://www-chaos. umd. edu/history/prc3. html Victorian, R. The Cultural Revolution Available: fortunecity. com/victorian/riley/787//China/Cultural/Cultural. html

Why Cold Weather Makes You Pee

Why Cold Weather Makes You Pee Does it seem like you have to pee more when youre cold or when its cold outside than when its warm? Its not just your imagination!   When you are cold, your body wants to protect your vital internal organs from the temperature change. It does this by constricting capillaries in your hands and feet through a process called peripheral vasoconstriction. Your extremities get cold, but toasty warm blood bathes your core. This means there is more blood in a smaller volume, which raises blood pressure, causing your brain to signal the kidneys to remove liquid from your blood. Your urine volume is increased and you need to urinate. In addition to the effects of vasoconstriction, cold temperatures change how permeable cells are to water. Proteins called aquaporins act as channels to allow water in and out of cells more quickly than through osmosis. When body temperature starts to drop, aquaporins limit the amount of water allowed into some cells, including kidney and brain cells. Less water going into cells translates into more water in the bloodstream. Here too, your brain tells your kidneys to remove the excess water, filling your bladder and making you need to pee. Is Drinking Alcohol a Good Way to Keep You Warm? If you drink an alcoholic beverage to feel warm, youll likely make the situation even worse. The alcohol will dehydrate you, in part because it also inhibits aquaporins. Alcohol acts as a diuretic, so your body thinks it needs even less water than it was holding onto before you took that first sip. Alcohol does make you feel warm but actually hastens hypothermia by expanding the capillaries. From this effect, youd need to pee less, but the continued drop in temperature would eventually lead you to pee more and could kill you from cold. Another factor to consider is perspiration. If youre cold, youre not losing moisture through perspiration. When its hot, youre slowly (or quickly) becoming dehydrated by sweating. If you feel cold, youre retaining water compared with when youre warm.

Business law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 15

Business law - Essay Example To do this, the plaintiff should prove the following three things: The message included in the advertisement was defamatory, which means it has a likelihood to injure the reputation of Cornell Ltd. Claiming that Cornell Ltd marketed their software untested is defamatory because the plaintiff will lose business customers. The second element of the advertisement, which is a basis to sue for damages on defamation, is that the advert referred to the plaintiff. The advert was explicit that Cornell Ltd markets untested software, so the defamation refers to the plaintiff. Malice is the final element in the advert that creates a basis to sue for damages on defamation, in the sense that the advert was maliciously aimed at ruining the reputation of Cornell Ltd in the eyes of their customers. This would therefore make Cornell Ltd lose their customers to Stanford. Stanford Company is malicious because they are using false information to win business customers. Negligence is failure to act in a way which a reasonable person would have acted under the same circumstances, or acting in a way which a reasonable person would not have acted (Clarkson, Miller and Jentz 23). Flo can sue Dan under negligence, if she proves that Dan had a legal duty of care, Dan breached the duty of care and as a result, Flo suffered damages. Therefore, law should impose a duty of care imposed for the benefit of a third party, to ensure fairness and justice (Harpwood 31) Flo must show that Dan owed her a legal duty of care. By the fact that Dan’s actions or omissions can cause damage on Flo, a duty of care exists. A reasonable person should have set the parking brake, in order to prevent loss to any person who might be affected by the vehicle rolling back. With this argument, Flo can show that Dan owed her a legal duty of care. In addition, another thing that Flo should show is that the duty of care was breached. Dan did not consider

Balfour Beatty and Corporate Social Responsibility Dissertation

Balfour Beatty and Corporate Social Responsibility - Dissertation Example The concept of corporate social responsibility is not something new (Hemingway 2002). In fact, as early as 1930’s the idea that firms should be responsible not only to its shareholders, but to society as a whole was already espoused (Hemingway 2002). However, it is only in the last forty years that discussions pertinent to CSR have become fervent. In the ensuing intensive elucidations pertinent to CSR, various concerns related to its definition, process, implications, field and many other issues have been raised (e.g. Carroll 1999; Friedman 1962; Porter & Kramer 2006). The demand for a positive response for CSR is asked of all companies regardless of the sector and size. Looking at the construction industry, its activities are highly prominent in communities where they are operating. The typical construction activities such as mineral extraction, construction, maintenance and demolition cause serious inconvenience, disruption to the general public and natural environment (Bart horpe, James & Taylor 2004). This situation if handled improperly can result in the ire of the community. On the other hand, accepting the high visibility and impact of the activities of the construction industry may become an opportunity for the company to build a positive relationship with the stakeholders in the public arena where they are conducting their affairs (Barthorpe et al. 2004). In this regard, this research will look into the practice of corporate social responsibility vis-a-vis Balfour Beatty, one of the largest construction companies not only in the UK, but also in the world. It asserts that upon observing the CSR response of Balfour Beatty, it can be attested that corporate citizenship is not a linear progression, but that it is possible for a company to be at various stages in different elements of CSR at the same time. Likewise, regardless of the intent of the company in adopting CSR, (this is significant to note because it is one of the arguments against CSR, e.g . Lin-Hi 2010), companions continue to respond to it in a positive way even if they get involved in some ‘unscrupulous activities’. This is significant as it serves as a lesson not only for the company involved, but also for all organisations. The project has the following structure. The first section is the introduction, which contains the focus and structure of the study. The second section of the project will deal with Balfour Beatty and how effective is it in aligning its goals and conduct with CSR. For the analysis, Mirvins and Googins’ Stages of Corporate Citizenship will be used. Meanwhile, the third section of the project will address a more in-depth look in some of the elements and stages of Mirvins and Googins’ Stages of Corporate Citizenship vis-a-vis Balfour Beatty Plc. Finally, the fourth part will be the limitations and conclusion of the study. In the end, it is the intention of the study to gain a better understanding of CSR by looking into the CSR of Balfour Beatty Plc. CSR and Balfour Beatty: A Demonstration of Corporate Citizenship Balfour Beatty PLC is a British construction, engineering,

Rules of the Game Essay Example for Free

Rules of the Game Essay The scratchy collar symbolizes the entrapment of Waverly by her mother. Waverly’s hobby of chess is important to her and her mother â€Å"[has] a habit of standing over [her] while [she] [plots] out [her] games. † (p. 98) This habit of Waverly’s mother is a symbol of how she controls Waverly. As her mother stands over Waverly, it displays her as a dominant figure and shows that Waverly should be submissive and obedient towards her. Waverly’s mother expects her to listen to everything she says and not have any opinion towards anything. However, Waverly’s attitude towards her mother is shown to be negative and instead disagrees with her mother as she â€Å"can’t practice† properly. (p. 98) The victory of winning tournaments is not triumphant for her, but for her mother â€Å"who [wears] the triumphant grin. † (p. 97) The game of chess for Waverly is something she enjoys, but as she begins to gain fame for her talent, Waverly feels as if she is playing for her mother and to only win. Because of her mother’s entrapment, Waverly is unable to be free and break away from her mother’s grasp. The â€Å"window [encasing] a fresh sheet cake,† (p. 97) is internally framing Waverly’s new life. Before, Waverly is unaware of a game called chess and she is unknown and unpopular to those around her, but as she begins to play, her mother realizes that Waverly has talent and continues to make her play chess. The â€Å"dust-covered cakes† (p. 97) are exchanged for â€Å"fresh sheet [cakes]† (p. 97) when Waverly begins to win more and more tournaments. The â€Å"dust covered cakes† (p.97) represent Waverly’s life before she begins to play chess and after she begins to play, more people begin to notice her as a â€Å"fresh sheet cake. † Additionally, because Waverly is bringing fame to her family, her mother is proud and feels that Waverly has brought honor to the family. Because her mother wants to keep this honor, her mother forces chess upon Waverly, not as a hobby, but a job that she must do. Also, the transition of the two cakes shows that Waverly is starting a new life as a chess player and is drifting away from her old self. The relationship between Waverly and her mother is like a game of chess. In the game of chess, there are usually black and white pieces, this is parallel to their relationship. Waverly and her mother are always in some sort of disagreement as â€Å"her black men† (p. 101) and â€Å"[Waverly’s] white pieces† (p. 101) are always versing each other. The term â€Å"men† contrasts with the term â€Å"pieces† because it shows itself to be more powerful, just like Waverly’s mother and is more influencing and strong. It signifies the power that Waverly’s mother has and how she uses it to make Waverly obey her. Also, the color black is used to represent power as well. It is often associated with the enemy/villain and in Waverly’s relationship with her mother, her mother displays herself as the enemy. This is because she forces her own beliefs and values upon Waverly. When Waverly does not agree with her mother and tries to speak up about it, her â€Å"mother’s eyes [turn] into dangerous black slits,† (p. 99) which indicates that she does not want to listen to anything Waverly has to say. However, in Waverly’s situation, her â€Å"white pieces† present her to be the opposite of her mother. The color white symbolizes innocence and purity which is found in Waverly’s personality and the â€Å"pieces† are found to be weaker than the â€Å"men† as Waverly finds it difficult to overcome her mother’s dominance and power. This leads to Waverly feeling overwhelmed and unable to venture out and away from her mother. Although Waverly and her mother have their share of quarrels, they find a way to balance each other out even if they are opposites of one another.

toyota motor corp :: essays research papers

Toyota Motor Corporation is a leading automobile company throughout the entire world. Toyota has a strong commitment to diversity. It is an integral aspect of Toyota’s success. The Toyota Motor Corporation understands that to continue to be successful in this day and age they must take further steps to diversify their company. Toyota Motor Corporation is one of the world‘s leading automakers, offering a full range of models, from mini vehicles to large trucks, and even new concept cars. Key competitors of Toyota include Nissan, Diamler Chrysler, Chevrolet, General Motors, and GMC. Although Toyota experiences worldwide successes, they are constantly looking for new ways to branch out and reach minorities and ethnic groups. During the week of April 6,2005 Toyota launched a Spanish-language digital game on the Spanish edition of their website. This is the first interactive game available on the Spanish-language website. This new interactive activity is a good way for Toyota to enhance their image as well as reach a younger Hispanic market. It also allows Toyota to keep a constant communication process with consumers. This new game reaches those who are not effectively reached by existing television and print ads. In addition this new game will not only offer a form of entertainment but it will get more people to visit the Toyota site Toyota is promoting this new game by using banner ads on high-traffic Spanish language outlets and web sites. The game is titled â€Å"El Invicto† and is an interactive soccer game, where players defend their Corollas with one of three different goalkeepers. All of the goalkeepers are of a Hispanic background. Toyota is one of the more innovative companies targeting a Hispanic market using online entertainment. This new game is an excellent source of support for the Corolla Hispanic TV and print executions using the same theme â€Å"El amor por el Corolla puede lograr cosas increibles† (love for Corolla can make incredible things happen.) According to data from auto researcher R.L. Polk and Co., the Corolla is the best selling US passenger car among Hispanics. A lot of young Hispanics surf the net.

There are many difference between Leaders and Managers

Q #1 : There are many difference between Leaders and Managers. Explain 5 Major differences with relevant examples. On a close look it can be seen that many managers are not leaders, though successful in their field. Leaders lead from the front and managers believe in directing controlling and planning and improving the efficiency of the organization. A manager makes the subordinates to work, a leader work with the people. Management philosophers and thinkers have been interested in identifying the difference between a manager and a leader. Some leaders show management skills and some mangers show leadership skills. It is now well established that there is difference between a manager and a leader. A leader leads from the front. His language will be like come let us do the work. On the other hand a manager believes in planning and coordinating the work. He uses management techniques to manage others. Followers voluntarily follow the leader. This may not be the case with managers. Subordinates is been asked to obey the instruction of the manager by virtue of his position. The subordinates may be obeying the manager on his leadership skills or may be just as it is part of their duty. It is also common the subordinates dislike the manager and still follows his action to save his or her job. A leader has his interest common to the followers. When the common interest is being identified, people voluntarily follow him. Rather than asking the people to work, a leader prefers to call them for work and they just follow the instructions of a leader. This important quality makes a big difference between the style of functioning of a manger and a leader. #1 Difference in working style There is a big difference in the working style of a manager. A leader attracts the people with the charisma he is having. He used to have an upper hand in technological knowledge than the workers. Leadership may not have any relevance with the functioning of the organization. On the other hand the management is different in its way of functioning. A manager keeps the organizational priority at his best. He has to do certain tasks as per the guidelines set by the organization. He then plans to achieve this by his people. Here the manager uses the modern management tools. He is interested in directing, planning and organizing. To make this effective he also uses modern management tools. A leader innovates and the manager administers. Leadership is setting up vision and Direction and management is implementation of this. A leader set his vision and the followers follow his vision almost voluntarily. He seldom needs force to attract towards him in execution of his direction and vision. On the other hand the manager executes the vision of the organization. On his journey towards this he will also be using leadership skills to effectively manage his people. A manger with leadership skills can effectively manage the organization. There should be a force attracting the followers or a subordinate to the person directs them. In case of leadership it is often the quality of the leader or his charisma that attracts the people to him. On the other hand the manager and the leader should be the two sides of the coin. Latest management trends show an inclination towards improving the leadership qualities of a manager. It is accepted that a manager should improve the output of the organization but it should be on the cost of the people working in the organization. #2 Directing Function The directing function of the manager is making people ready to perform certain task or assigning certain task to the people. This functional area of the manger has more to do with leadership. Once a task is to be performed, the concerned manager has to detail people or direct people to accomplish the task. This is mostly done in different ways by a manager and a leader. However both leader and a manager use the function of directing. Followers voluntarily work as per the direction where as manager needs to have something else for motivating the people to work. This may be different to different organization and also as per the management style it differs. Organizations have special structure and policies to motivate the people to work and managers are part of it. In the field of emergency medical services the directing function of the manager has a lot to do with routine jobs. Things are to be done at high pace and many times immediate decisions are to be taken. The chances of going these decisions wrong are high. In this scenario subordinates should be motivated and encouraged to take decisions at time of emergency. Also the manager should be able to provide directions without any delay. His competence as a leader is very important. A leader comes forward to take the responsibility of the actions of his followers. The followers also recognize this fact and there are more people willing to work under a leader under emergencies. This is what actually needed in an emergency service. At the same time the leader should be conversant with the procedures adopted in an emergency. A manager is a technical person and he is likely to be thorough in procedures and policies. Union of managerial qualities and leadership skills will be a good formula for emergency medical services. #3 Emotional Intelligence Leaders are emotionally more intelligent than ordinary managers. A manager wants to be successful should have high emotional intelligence. Emotional intelligence is the ability to understand and control one’s emotions and to understand the emotions of others. People having high emotional intelligence tend to be leaders. According to Terry, â€Å"a leader shows the way by his example. He is not a pusher; he pulls rather than pushes (Terry R G, 1988). A typical manager does not follow this style. He plans and direct people to get the work done. There is set of duties and responsibilities for each person in the organization. A manager ensures this is been done. He uses his control function to see things are going as per the schedule. A manger often uses his control powers. In contrast a leader expects his subordinates to perform the way it is desired. For example if a staff is coming late to his duty. The typical manager may think of taking corrective action, where as a leader may be thinking to find out the reasons behind the late coming of the staff and may be willing to support that person. Similar actions make the follower emotionally attached to the leader and they keep the individual interest only next to the common goals In emergency medical service, emotional intelligence is a highly required quality of the person heading the operation. A leader who is empathetic and understands the emotions of others can do a lot in getting people involved in the service. A leader should avoid knee jerk reactions. It is already said emotional intelligence makes the difference in actions of a manager and a leader. A manager who is low in emotional intelligence may follow only the rule book and this kind of attitude may lead to poor quality service especially in emergency medical service. It is good to be knowledgeable but at the same time the managers should understand the need of being empathetic to the subordinates and the customers. 4 Functions of management Functions of management are Directing, Organizing, Planning, controlling and staffing. Professional managers are trained to perform these functions. Some people are on the view that Directing is the most important function of a manager. Many managers believe decision making is an important function of the manager. In the Emergency Medical Service Industry manager should be go od at decision making. He will have to make decisions in seconds. A manger is trained to have these qualities. In management schools Case studies are used to impart the skills of decision making. A leader has the quality of decision making and directing, a leader’s method of directing and decision making differ from that of a manager. Leaders decision are derived from that of his team members where as the managers decisions are learned decision and the decision the manger thinks to be good for the company. In respect to other function like controlling and planning a manger uses modern management tools. An ordinary leader may not know these tools for planning and controlling. Hence in these function a manger may have an upper hand in delivering the duties. But if the manager has leadership skills then he can really outperform an ordinary manager. All leading management institutes have special curriculum to sharpen the leadership skills of the managers. It is also said it is important to become a leader then become a manager by learning management tools. Management is ‘managing men’ and a leader is expected to do this function well. Leadership involves in common interest and goal. By this common interest and goal a leader can motivate people to attain common goals. Managers seek scientific methods to perform their task. Leaders are not interested in going for such tools and management techniques. They are good motivators. #5 Managers and Leaders Successful managers are efficient leaders. Bill Gate is a successful leader as well as a good manager. There are other examples too. Most successful managers are not MBA holders rather they are good leaders. On a close view it can be understood that it is important to become a leader first than becoming a manager. Story of successful managers in all fields underlines this factor. There are other differences in the styles of managers and leaders. A manager makes his decision and then sells his decision to his followers. Manger compares alternatives before making decisions. He asks his subordinates to question if they have any doubt. In case of a leader his decisions are more acceptable to the mass and that is the reason they follow the leader. Conclusion There is a difference between leadership and management. Managers are more concerned about planning, controlling, staffing and organizing. Leaders are more concerned about directing and organizing people. They act more as a representative of the followers. People follow leaders voluntarily than by virtue of their position. Leaders should have high emotional intelligence. In Emergency Medical Service leadership qualities are more sought after than mere management skills. Managers with good leadership skills can produce best result. Successful business people are good leaders as well as good manager. To be successful in the long run a manager should have leadership skills.

Chapter #9 Summary: New Directions in Planning Theory Essay

Chapter #9 Summary: New Directions in Planning Theory Susan S. Fainstein Susan S. is professor of urban planning and acting program director in Columbia University. In this article she discusses and critiques contemporary planning theory in terms of its usefulness in addressing what I believe to be its defining question: what is the possibility of consciously achieving widespread improvement in the quality of human life within the context of a global capitalist political economy. She examines the three approaches referred to above under the rubrics of: -(1) the communicative model; sometimes called the collaborative model, emphasizes the planner’s role in mediating among â€Å"stakeholders† within the planning situation -(2) the new urbanism; frequently labeled neo-traditionalism, paints a physical picture of a desirable city to be obtained through planning; -(3) and the just city, which derives from the political economy tradition, while also outcome oriented, is more abstract than the new urbanism, presenting a model of spatial relations based on equity. The Communicative Model The communicative model draws on two philosophical approaches— American pragmatism as developed in the thought of John Dewey and Richard Rorty and the theory of communicative rationality as worked out by Jurgen Habermas.5 The two strands differ somewhat in their methodologies. Neo-pragmatism tends toward empiricism. Theoretical and Practical Deficiencies In its effort to save planning from elitist tendencies, communicative planning theory runs into difficulties. The communicative model should not be faulted for its ideals of openness and diversity. Its vulnerability rather lies in a tendency to substitute moral exhortation for analysis. Although their roots, via Habermas, are in critical theory, once the communicative theorists move away from critique and present a manual for action, their thought loses its edge. THE NEW URBANISM â€Å"The new urbanism† refers to a design-oriented approach to planned urban development. Developed primarily by architects and journalists, it is  perhaps more ideology than theory, and its message is carried not just by academics but by planning practitioners and a popular movement. New urbanists have received considerable attention in the United States and, to a lesser extent, in Great Britain.Their orientation resembles that of the early planning theorists–Ebenezer Howard, Frederic Law Olmsted, Patrick Geddes–in their aim of using spatial relations to create a close-knit social community that allows diverse elements to interact. The new urbanists call for an urban design that includes a variety of building types, mixed uses, intermingling of housing for different income groups, and a strong privileging of the â€Å"public realm† Critique The new urbanism is vulnerable to the accusation that its proponents oversell their product, promoting an unrealistic environmental determinism that has threaded its way throughout the history of physical planning THE JUST CITY In Socialism: Utopian and Scientific Friedrich Engels (1935, p. 54) presents the Marxian critique of utopianism: The final causes of all social changes and political revolutions are to be sought, not in men’s brains, not in man’s better insight into eternal truth and justice, but in changes in the modes of production and exchange. . . . For Marx and Engels, social transformation could occur only when the times were ripe, when circumstances enabled the forces for social amelioration to attain their objectives. In their view utopian thinkers like Robert Owen and Fourier could not succeed because they developed a social ideal that did not coincide with a material reality still dominated by capitalist interests. Only smashing the structure of class domination could create the conditions for achieving a just society. CONCLUSION In Her conclusion she defends the continued use of the just city mode and a modified form of the political-economy mode of analysis that underlies it, described below The three types of planning theory described in this essay all embrace a social reformist outlook. They represent a move from the purely critical perspective that characterized much theory in the seventies and eighties to one that once again offers a promise of a better life. Whereas reaction to technocracy and positivism shaped planning theory of that period, more recent planning thought has responded to the challenge of post-modernism.

Albatross and Alcatraz Island

Albatross and Alcatraz Island Albatross and Alcatraz Island Albatross and Alcatraz Island By Maeve Maddox Even speakers who have had the misfortune of never studying Coleridges long poem Rime of the Ancient Mariner (1798) are acquainted with the figurative meaning of the word albatross: A source or mark of misfortune, guilt, etc., from which one cannot (easily) be free; a burden or encumbrance. Is Sarah Palin becoming an albatross around the neck of John McCain? Brown vs. Coakley Shows Obama Has Become a Political Albatross Ever since youve married me, Douglas, youve treated me like an albatross. Sleep has been the albatross around the neck of my parenting life for the past six years. Is Intellect an Albatross? albatross syndrome: when faith has been killed and the believer must now wear it as a dead albatross An albatross is a large seabird. In sailor lore, the albatross is considered to be lucky. In Coleridges poem, a thoughtless sailor shoots an albatross with his crossbow. The dead bird falls onto the deck. Shortly afterwards, the ship is becalmed and the crew believe that their predicament has been caused by the killing of the albatross. To distance themselves from the act, they tie the dead bird around the neck of the man who killed it: Ah! well-a-day! what evil looks †¨ Had I from old and young! †¨Instead of the cross, the Albatross †¨ About my neck was hung. The word albatross came into English in the 16th century as alcatras, from Spanish and Portuguese words meaning pelican: alcatraz. The Spanish word probably came from Arabic al-qatras, sea eagle. Since English already had the word pelican, the new borrowing came to be applied to different white birds. Eventually the spelling changed to albatross, influenced by Latin albus, white. The word pelican can be found in Old English, although the word didnt take on the meaning of a sea bird until Middle English. Alcatraz Island in San Francisco Bay got its name from the pelicans that once roosted there. A Spaniard, Manuel de Ayala, charted San Francisco Bay in 1775. He named the island La Isla de los Alcatraces, The Island of the Pelicans. The plural of albatross is albatrosses (ugh) or albatross. In golf, an albatross is a score of three under par on a hole, or a hole played in three under par Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:30 Religious Terms You Should Know41 Words That Are Better Than GoodComma Before Too?

Which Foreign Language Should You Take in High School

Which Foreign Language Should You Take in High School SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Part of being a high school student is making a lot of decisions about which classes to take. While your foreign language courses may not be as critical to colleges as, say, which math classes you took,they are still something colleges look at and use to determine if you'd be a good fit for their school. Also, if you play your cards right, the language you choose to study in high school could have a big impact on your future. I chose to study French and with my language skills I have been able to participate in an exchange with French high school students, get a job improving African schools, and spend a year in France teaching English. I'll go over what colleges look for in foreign language study as well as the steps you need to follow in order to choose the best language for you. Do Colleges Care Which Foreign Language You Take? Nope!College admissions officers do not view certain languages as harder or more impressive than othersbecause all foreign languages require time and dedication to learn and all provide benefits.This is great news because it means you can choose which language to study based on your interests! The only exception to this would be if you chose to study a language you already learned while growing up. Some colleges ask for your native language(s) in their applications and seeing you take classes for a language you already know won't impress them. So What Do Colleges Look for in Your Foreign Language Courses? Colleges look fordepthof foreign language study, not breadth, so they want to see that you'vestudied one language for several years. Studying one language for three or four years is much more difficult than taking introductory classes inseveral different languages, and it also shows that you have the ability to build off previous knowledge and stick with a subject. Many colleges require applicants to have completedtwo or three years of foreign language study, and most top schools highly recommend or require four years. The average high school student completes two years of foreign language study, but even if that is all that is required by the colleges you are interested in,studying a foreign language longer is always betterand will make your application stronger. Most students in the US begin their foreign language study at least by middle school, so if you took Mandarin in 8th grade and want to switch to Spanish next year, high schools usually allow that, and it won't negatively impact your college applications as long as you stick with the new language throughout high school. The best things you can do to make your foreign language study a strength on your college applications are tostick to one language, take a course in that language each year, and get good grades in those courses. Choose one foreign language and stick with it throughout high school. Image via Valencia College. How to Choose the Best Foreign Language toStudy Choosing a subject to study for four years while getting good grades requires a lot of time and dedication. Studying a foreign language is different from other subjects because people get frustrated and want to stop not because the material is too difficult (after all toddlers in other countries are learning it), but because learning another language can often feel boring, tedious, and never-ending. There will come a time (probably many, many times) while studying a foreign language when you become frustrated and want to quit. Simply knowing yet another verb tense or vocabulary word will not always be enough to keep you motivated.You'll need a bigger reason to keep wanting to learn. Here are two ways to stay motivated: 1. Choose a Language That Relates to Your Career Goals When I was in high school, I made the decision to study French because I wanted to do international development work in Africa. Since France used to rule several African countries, millions of Africans speak French, and I knew that if I could speak French too, that might help me get a job. For some career fields,knowing a certain language can make you more employable or better at your job, and reminding yourself that your language skills could help with your future job search can provide an incentive to keep learning a foreign language. Ask Yourself: What Type of Career Do I Want? This doesn't have to be a specific job; a broad career field is fine. Are you interested in business? Do you think you might want to study medicine? Below are five of the most popular foreign languages high school students study and some of the fields those languages are most used in. See if any of them match the type of job you'd like to have. Having a future career in mind can help you choose which language to study Spanish By far the most common foreign language to study in the US 405 million native speakers, mostly in Spain, North America, and South America 2nd most common language spoken in the US Because Spanish is spoken so widely in the United States, it is useful for many professions. It's particularly valuable for students planning to work in medicine or social work (so they can assist people who cannot speak English but may need immediate help), people interested in doing service work in Central or South America, and those considering customer service jobs. High school Spanish is a solid choice that many students take - you generally can't go wrong with this. French 74 million native speakers, mostly in Western Europe and Western and Central Africa Official language of the United Nations, the International Olympic Committee, and NATO Because many international organizations use French, it is most valuable for students planning careers in diplomacy or international relations, as well as those who would like to work in or with Africa. Also, because Africa's economy has the potential to boom in the near future, French can be useful for business students looking to capitalize on the continent's growth. Mandarin Chinese Rapidly growing in popularity as a foreign language to study 955 million native speakers, mostly in China Spoken by 1/5 of the world's population With China continuing its huge economic growth, many US businesses have operations in the countryand are working with Chinese corporations, making Mandarin useful for students planning to study business. Unlike the other languages in this list, Chinese is not written with the Roman alphabet, so it's an interesting challenge to learn as an English speaker. German 89 million native speakers, mostly in Western Europe 2nd most common language in science and technology fields 3rd most common language to publish books in Germany has one of the world's largest economies, and the country is also a leader in scientific and technological innovations. Learning German would be most valuable for those planning to study banking, science, engineering, and publishing. If you're interested in science, German may be a good language to consider studying Latin "Dead language", no cultures use it as a native language anymore The Romance languages (including French, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, and Romanian) descended from Latin and currently include 800 million native speakers While there are no longer any native speakers of Latin, this language is still useful for those interested in careers in linguistics or students planning to learn multiple languages. Many words in the Romance languages come from Latin roots, and once you have mastered Latin, learning the Romance languages becomes a much quicker process. Remember, these are just suggestions. It's perfectly ok to take Mandarin even if you want to be a doctor or Latin if you plan on a career in business.It's sticking with the language and getting closer to fluency that's most important. So what's the best way to make sure you keep studying the language? 2.Choose a Language That Is Interesting to You Remember when I mentioned being frustrated and bored while studying a foreign language? Having a genuine interest in the language will give you motivation to keep studying it, maybe even years after you graduate high school. How do you know which language you'll find most interesting? Ask yourself the following questions: Do Any of My Hobbies Relate to a Foreign Language? This is an important consideration. Connecting a hobby to your foreign language study can make you enjoy that hobby more and motivate you to continue learning the language. Make a list of your hobbies and see if any of them tie-in to a specific language. There are a lot of possibilities, so think creatively. Are you into fashion? Italy and France are widely seen as the world's fashion capitals. Do you enjoy reading? Perhaps you could learn a language that will allow you to read classic works of literature in their original language. Do you have a favorite type of food? Cooking traditional recipes from a country can make learning its language more interesting. Or maybe you're really into anime or Asian dramas? If your school teaches a language like Japanese or Korean, you could one day enjoy those shows without subtitles. Where Do I Want to Travel? Do you dream of eating croissants in Paris or walking along Venice's canals? Thinking about a dream vacation to a country where the language you are learning is spoken can give you an extra boost of motivation. Grab a globe or a map of the world, pick out your top travel destinations, and see if your school teaches any of the languages spoken in those places. Your travel goals can help you decide which language to study Which Languages Sound the Best to Me? This may seem like a minor consideration, but most languages sound very different from one another, and since you'll be hearing it a lot as you practice, you want to make sure you choose a language you enjoy listening to. Search for videos on YouTube or listen to foreign radio or tv stations to hear different languages and get an idea of which ones you enjoy listening to. Do I Know Anyone Who Speaks These Languages? Perhaps you have grandparents who speak Japanese or a neighbor who speaks Spanish. Communicating with friends and family members in their native tongue can help strengthen your relationship with them along with giving you lots of speaking practice. How Similar Do I Want This Language to Be to English? Some languages, such as Mandarin and Arabic, can be more difficult and time-consuming to learn in the beginning because the way they look and sound is so different from English. Ask yourself if you'd prefer to try something completely new or if you would feel more comfortable sticking to a language closer to English such as Spanish, French, or German. You can do an internet search for "beginner lessons in [your language of interest]" to find free introductory lessons for any language and get a feel for what learning it would be like. Do I Want a Lot of Opportunities to Speak This Language? Is being able to easily practice your speaking skills outside the classroom important to you? If you’d like to have a lot of other speakers nearby, choose a more popular language like Spanish where many libraries, hospitals, etc. appreciate bilingual volunteers. If not, you can be open to less commonly used languages, such as Latin. The bottom line is that the way to stay interested in a language so that you study it for multiple years and get high grades like colleges want to see is to remember the big picture. Learning a new language is more than conjugating verbs and memorizing the gender of nouns. Knowing another language can introduce you to people and parts of the world you wouldn’t have experienced otherwise. Keep that in mind when deciding on a language and choose one whichwill hold your interest outside the classroom and encourage you to push your boundaries. What's Next? Thinking about whichother classes to take in high school? Take a look at our guides to choosing which math and science classes to take and start planning your schedule. Trying to decide whether to take the ACT or the SAT? Read our guide to figure out which test you'll score higher on! Are you considering summer academic programs for middle school and high school students? Learn about the SIG, CTY, and Stanford EPGY programs to see if one of them might be right for you. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Valley Forge in Pennsylvania Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Valley Forge in Pennsylvania - Research Paper Example Valley Forge in Pennsylvania was the site of the military camp of the American Continental Army over the winter of 1777–1778 Valley Forge is among the historical places that marked the American Revolution. Moreover, George Washington and his army spent a harsh winter at Valley Forge in the year 1777 -1778. Furthermore, during this period many of the Continental army perished due to starvation, lack of proper clothing to protect them from the cold and infectious diseases (Webstar 1305). Consequently, the Continental army was reduced to almost half its initial population. However, the conditions at the camp improved when congress sent food at the camp and hygiene standards were elevated. Moreover, the soldiers were drilled and when spring arrived, they were ready and eager to face the British army in the battle field. To this end, the continental army eventually fought with the British army even though they were at draw military wise. The Continental Army left the battle field in high spirits and confidence compared to the previous wars. The subsequent sections will elaborate on the reasons as to why General Washington’s Continental army decided to camp at Valley Forge. Moreover, the challenges they encountered during the encampment at Valley Forge will be discussed comprehensively. Furthermore, the drilling of soldiers by Steuben Baron that took place while they were at Valley Forge will be intricately discussed. Finally, the aftermath of the training process will be summarily discussed. Reasons for Camping at Valley Forge In the 18th century of 1777 George Washington, the general of continental army, moved with his army to the south of New Jersey. His objective was to defend Philadelphia city from the advancing forces of William Howe. Consequently, the two armies clashed at Brandywine on the 11th of September (Hickman 1). As a result, Washington’s army was defeated and flee the city. Washington’s army struck again at Germantown on 4th of October in order to regain initiative but was decisively defeated. Subsequently, with the cold weather approaching Washington moved his army to a winter encampment. To this end, he chose Valley Forge, 20 mile s from Northwest city of Philadelphia. Evidently, the site would easily be defendable from surprise attacks. In addition, provision of food from local farmers would be easy. Challenges at Valley Forge In as much as Washington chose the best place for his soldiers to camp, they still encountered serious problems like lack of food and clothing. The soldiers had little to eat apart from fried dough called fire cakes. Furthermore, the soldiers wore tattered cloths and their accommodation was hastily built. The accommodation consisted of canvas walls and dirt floors that were smoky and cold. Furthermore, the cabins were ideal sites for the spreading of diseases that subjected the soldiers to bouts of cold (Miller 9). In addition, the local farmers were hesitant to give their food in exchange to the almost worthless soldiers. On the contrary, the farmers traded their produce with the British; located miles away Philadelphia; for liquid cash. Furthermore, the local farmers even continued t o hoard food as they waited to earn higher profits in the spring season. Consequently, there were prevalent desertions and deaths from diseases and hunger. This led to a reduction of the continental army to almost one-half of the initial size (Miller 9). In addition, Washington was privately annoyed with the lack of strong commitment from his supposedly patriot fighters. Washington’s Leadership Qualities Questioned Washington’s leadership integrity and qualities were cast openly in doubt by his fellow army officers as well as part of the

Recommendations of Sab Miller Company Research Paper

Recommendations of Sab Miller Company - Research Paper Example e problem is the alcohol encouragement that is not appreciated, meaning that they will have to refocus on their sales, advertising, and marketing skills for the Asian market and attempt different combinations and permutations to acquire the market (Visser, 2005). For instance, SABMiller can extent their brand name through the strategy of first selling packaged drinking water to create awareness and in future introduce to the market their rationalized brands. They can as well stress on maximizing zero waste processes which would be very essential for future environmental conditions bearing in mind the current worrying rate of global warming. Nevertheless, it is true that idealism is an enemy of new deals and the company should thus incorporate this strategy into the system as opposed to merely making it a major concern (Armstrong, Segal & Davis, 2006). For a long time now, SAB has been faced with the societal concerns over its brewery and alcoholic drink sales, but this does not mean that the company has to stop its operations in the business. They only have to take some steps into consideration. For example, according to the company’s Executive Director Corporate Affairs and Transformation, Mr. Vincent Maphai, the firm is aware of the reputation and it, together with the alcohol industry is concerned about the government and societal worries about alcohol abuse. In this regard, it is rational to recommend that partnership of SAB with the government, the traders, the civil society, and the industry at large can be the best way out in addressing the harm that is brought about by alcohol especially in South Africa (Chang, 2009). As per the company analysis, it is evident that wherever the company has worked with provincial government and public departments, they have seen tremendous results. SAB executives ought to remain ope n to discussions with government agencies at all levels in pursuit of tangible ways of reducing the beliefs about alcohol intake and the

Financial Crime and the Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Financial Crime and the Law - Essay Example Banks and other financial intermediaries have been developing the credibility of the economic sector over the years within the global domain. With the essence of globalization, there have been a huge amount of deviation within the mode of operations of the banks and likewise, the financial intermediation has changed rapidly in this recent time as compared to the earlier years. According to the research findings in recent years, the occurrence of the global financial crisis made it evident that the shortcomings of the laws in terms of complex nature are being associated with the crimes conducted in the specific sector, imposing huge level of impact on the legal bindings. With the changed settings of the overall financial sector, it is evident that the chances of committing heinous criminal offenses have become much easier in the current plethora. In this regard, management of different approaches is identified to impose huge level of influence on the bankers in terms of having a tendency to commit such criminal offenses that are often indulged by the unethical practices of the bankers. In the following sections this essay will make a better understanding based on the researches conducted in terms of the underlined issues with the need for motivating white-collar employees of the banks to commit such crimes. Moreover, the essay will also provide an in-depth analysis of different social dogmas that are associated with tendencies aligned with the needs of maintaining a transparent system for preventing such crimes.